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Article

Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Combination with Isokinetic Exercise Therapy on Body Composition and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

by
Juan A. Suárez-Cuenca
1,2,*,
Diana Elisa Díaz-Jiménez
1,3,*,
Juan A. Pineda-Juárez
4,*,
Alondra Gissel Mendoza-Mota
4,
Ofelia Dinora Valencia-Aldana
4,
Said Núñez-Angeles
4,
Eduardo Vera-Gómez
1,
Alejandro Hernández-Patricio
1,
Pavel Loeza-Magaña
5,
Jorge Antonio Lara-Vargas
6,
José Rodolfo Arteaga-Martínez
5,
Ángel Alfonso Garduño-Pérez
7,
Jesús Montoya-Ramírez
8,
María Angélica Díaz-Aranda
1,
Roberto Carlos Chaparro-Hernández
3,
Alberto Melchor-López
3,
Silvia García
1,
José Gutiérrez-Salinas
9 and
Paul Mondragón-Terán
10
1
Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, CMN “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
2
Hospital General de Zona No. 32 “Dr. Mario Madrazo Navarro”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada del Hueso S/N, Col. Santa Úrsula Coapa, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Mexico City 04980, Mexico
3
Hospital General de Zona No. 8 y MF “Dr. Gilberto Flores Izquierdo”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Rio Magdalena 289, Col. Tizapan San Ángel, Alcaldía Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City 01090, Mexico
4
Coordinación de Investigación, CMN “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
5
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CMN “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE. Félix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
6
Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, CMN “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE. Félix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
7
Department of Endocrinology, CMN “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE. Félix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
8
Department of Bariatric Surgery, Centro Medico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE. Félix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
9
Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Medicina Experimental, CMN “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE. Félix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
10
Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Morelos, Instituto Polítecnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnología, 1036 Z-1, P 2/2, Atlacholoaya 62790, Morelos, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2025, 17(2), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020256
Submission received: 26 November 2024 / Revised: 30 December 2024 / Accepted: 7 January 2025 / Published: 11 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome)
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Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of comorbidities that increase pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) production, with subsequent body composition (BC) abnormalities and high cardiovascular risk. Treatment with diet and exercise has been suggested as possible non-pharmacological adjuvant treatment. Objective: To determine changes in BC and PIC in patients with MS after a Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) and/or isokinetic exercise (IE). Methods: A controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at a third-level hospital in Mexico City. Intervention groups: G1: MedDiet + IE; G2: IE; G3: MedDiet; G4: control. Anthropometry, BC, and PIC were collected from the baseline and at 12 weeks post-intervention. MedDiet was estimated from a 24-h recall record. IE consisted of a standard high-intensity anaerobic exercise program. Results: Forty-two patients with MS aged 18–65 years old were included. The most frequent comorbidities were obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. After 6 months of intervention, a significant reduction of resistin was observed within the IE group and MedDiet + IE, whereas the former group also showed an increase in adiponectin. Interventions of MedDiet and MedDiet + IE showed a decrease in IL-10. Regarding BC, all groups increased the resistance values in relation to the baseline but were lower than the control group. Conclusions: The results suggest that MedDiet and IE have a selective impact on pro-inflammatory mediators, while the combination of MedDiet and IE may induce only minor changes in BC.
Keywords: Mediterranean diet; isokinetic exercise; body composition; cytokine profile; metabolic syndrome Mediterranean diet; isokinetic exercise; body composition; cytokine profile; metabolic syndrome

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MDPI and ACS Style

Suárez-Cuenca, J.A.; Díaz-Jiménez, D.E.; Pineda-Juárez, J.A.; Mendoza-Mota, A.G.; Valencia-Aldana, O.D.; Núñez-Angeles, S.; Vera-Gómez, E.; Hernández-Patricio, A.; Loeza-Magaña, P.; Lara-Vargas, J.A.; et al. Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Combination with Isokinetic Exercise Therapy on Body Composition and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2025, 17, 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020256

AMA Style

Suárez-Cuenca JA, Díaz-Jiménez DE, Pineda-Juárez JA, Mendoza-Mota AG, Valencia-Aldana OD, Núñez-Angeles S, Vera-Gómez E, Hernández-Patricio A, Loeza-Magaña P, Lara-Vargas JA, et al. Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Combination with Isokinetic Exercise Therapy on Body Composition and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2025; 17(2):256. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020256

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suárez-Cuenca, Juan A., Diana Elisa Díaz-Jiménez, Juan A. Pineda-Juárez, Alondra Gissel Mendoza-Mota, Ofelia Dinora Valencia-Aldana, Said Núñez-Angeles, Eduardo Vera-Gómez, Alejandro Hernández-Patricio, Pavel Loeza-Magaña, Jorge Antonio Lara-Vargas, and et al. 2025. "Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Combination with Isokinetic Exercise Therapy on Body Composition and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome" Nutrients 17, no. 2: 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020256

APA Style

Suárez-Cuenca, J. A., Díaz-Jiménez, D. E., Pineda-Juárez, J. A., Mendoza-Mota, A. G., Valencia-Aldana, O. D., Núñez-Angeles, S., Vera-Gómez, E., Hernández-Patricio, A., Loeza-Magaña, P., Lara-Vargas, J. A., Arteaga-Martínez, J. R., Garduño-Pérez, Á. A., Montoya-Ramírez, J., Díaz-Aranda, M. A., Chaparro-Hernández, R. C., Melchor-López, A., García, S., Gutiérrez-Salinas, J., & Mondragón-Terán, P. (2025). Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Combination with Isokinetic Exercise Therapy on Body Composition and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients, 17(2), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020256

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