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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 16
10.3390/nu17162697
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Review

Sex Differences in Vitamin Metabolism and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Regulation and Cardiometabolic Health

by
Joanna Wróblewska
1,
Anna Długosz
2,
Marcin Wróblewski
1,*,
Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
1,
Weronika Wróblewska
3 and
Alina Woźniak
1
1
Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna St., 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
3
Students Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2025, 17(16), 2697; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162697
Submission received: 31 July 2025 / Revised: 19 August 2025 / Accepted: 19 August 2025 / Published: 20 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender-Specific Nutrition: Insights into Cardiometabolic Health and Disease Prevention)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Vitamins A, D, E, K, B2, B12, and C play a key role in regulating metabolism and oxidative stress, significantly impacting cardiometabolic health. This review uniquely integrates mechanistic and epidemiological data to examine sex-specific differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, and physiological effects of these vitamins. By linking hormonal and genetic factors with oxidative stress modulation, lipid metabolism, and endothelial function, we outline how individualized vitamin intake strategies may help prevent cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The paper also identifies natural dietary sources and optimal intake recommendations for each vitamin, emphasizing the importance of tailoring supplementation to sex-related needs. This sex-focused perspective provides a basis for developing personalized nutrition approaches to optimize cardiometabolic outcomes.
Keywords: cardiometabolic health; metabolic syndrome; oxidative stress; sex differences; supplementation; vitamin cardiometabolic health; metabolic syndrome; oxidative stress; sex differences; supplementation; vitamin

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wróblewska, J.; Długosz, A.; Wróblewski, M.; Nuszkiewicz, J.; Wróblewska, W.; Woźniak, A. Sex Differences in Vitamin Metabolism and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Regulation and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients 2025, 17, 2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162697

AMA Style

Wróblewska J, Długosz A, Wróblewski M, Nuszkiewicz J, Wróblewska W, Woźniak A. Sex Differences in Vitamin Metabolism and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Regulation and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients. 2025; 17(16):2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162697

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wróblewska, Joanna, Anna Długosz, Marcin Wróblewski, Jarosław Nuszkiewicz, Weronika Wróblewska, and Alina Woźniak. 2025. "Sex Differences in Vitamin Metabolism and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Regulation and Cardiometabolic Health" Nutrients 17, no. 16: 2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162697

APA Style

Wróblewska, J., Długosz, A., Wróblewski, M., Nuszkiewicz, J., Wróblewska, W., & Woźniak, A. (2025). Sex Differences in Vitamin Metabolism and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Regulation and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients, 17(16), 2697. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162697

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