Usefulness of Opuntia spp. on the Management of Obesity and Its Metabolic Co-Morbidities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Search Strategy
3. Effects of Opuntia spp. on Obesity-Related Co-Morbidities in Preclinical Studies
Summary
4. Effects of Opuntia spp. on Obesity and Related Co-Morbidities in Clinical Studies
Summary
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author Year [Ref.] | Animal Model | Opuntia Species and Product | Experimental Design | Effects | Mechanism |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morán-Ramos et al., 2012 [10] | Male Zucker (fa/fa) rats (7-week-old) | Opuntia ficus-indica Dehydrated extract of cladodes | Standard diet supplemented or not with 4% of dietary fibre from Opuntia ficus-indica in place of cellulose 7 weeks | NS Final body weight ↑ Food intake ↓ Cholesterol, ALT, AST serum levels ↑ Adiponectin serum level | |
Aboura et al., 2017 [19] | Swiss male mice (40–50 g weight) | Opuntia ficus-indica Aqueus cladode extract | High-fat diet (60% of energy from fat) or standard diet supplemented or not with 1% of extract in the drinking water 6 weeks | ↓ Body weight ↓ Adipose tissue weight ↓ TG, TC, glucose, insulin, IL-6 and TNFα plasma levels ↓ Leptin, Il-1β, Il-6 and Tnfα gene expression in adipose tissue | |
Sánchez-Tapia et al., 2017 [20] | Male Wistar rats (6 week-old) | Opuntis ficus-indica Dehydrated extract of cladodes to provide 5% of dietary fibre from nopal in place of cellulose | High-fat diet (45% of energy from fat added to the diet and 5% sucrose added to the drinking water) or standard diet 7 months Each group continued with the same diet but were distributed into 4 groups: rats fed the standard diet or the high-fat diet supplemented or not with nopal 1 month | ↓ Body weight (SD+Opuntia; HFD+Opuntia) ↓ Glucose and insulin serum levels (SD+Opuntia; HFD+Opuntia) ↓ TG, TC and leptin serum levels (SD+Opuntia; HFD+Opuntia) ↓ LDL-cholesterol serum levels (SD+Opuntia) ↓ Leptin, Nox and App gene expression in adipose tissue (SD+Opuntia; HFD+Opuntia) ↓ Tnfα gene expression in adipose tissue (HFD+Opuntia) | ↑ Gut microbiota diversity and abundance ↑ Bacteroidetes increased with respect to the Firmicutes ↑ Anaeroplasma, Prevotella and Ruminucoccus (SD+Opuntia; HFD+Opuntia) ↓Faecalibacterium, Clostridium and Butyricicoccus (SD+Opuntia; HFD+Opuntia) ↑ Intestinal mucus layer thickness and occluding (HFD+Opuntia) ↓ LPS serum levels (HFD+Opuntia) |
Héliès-Toussaint et al., 2020 [18] | Male Sprague–Dawley rats (6 week-old) | Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) Opuntia streptacantha (OSC) and Cladode extracts (0.5% w/w in the diet) | HFD (30% of energy from fat) 8 weeks | ↓ Body mass gain (significant only in OFI) ↓ Serum adiponectin level (both OSC and OFI) ↑ Serum leptin level (both OSC and OFI) | ↑ Faecal lipid excretion (OFI) |
Urquiza-Martínez et al., 2020 [21] | Male C57Bl/6J mice (9 week- old) | Opuntia ficus-indica Flour (17% w/w in the diet) | HFD (60% of energy from fat) or SD 12 weeks 4 additional weeks with supplementation or not 17% cactus | ↓ Body weight ↓ Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue weights ↓ AUC in glucose and insulin tolerance tests | ↑ Caloric intake (SD+Opuntia) ↓ Caloric intake (HFD+Opuntia) Delays the point of satiation (SD+Opuntia) Earlier point of satiation (HFD+Opuntia) ↓ Activated microglial cells in arcuate nucleus (HFD+Opuntia) |
Chekkal et al., 2020 [22] | Male Wistar rat (4 week-old and 110 ± 20 g) | Opuntia ficus-indica Cladode extract (50 g/100 g diet) | Cafeteria diet (50% hyperlipidic diet with 20% of energy from fat + 50% junk food) 4 weeks | ↓ Body weight ↓ Adipose tissue weight ↓ Food intake ↓ Serum glucose, insulin and glycated haemoglobin levels and HOMA-IR ↓ Serum TC, TG, TG-VLDL levels | ↓ Lipid peroxidation in serum ↑ PON-1, GPx and CAT activities in serum ↓ Lipid peroxidation in adipose tissue and VLDL ↑ PON-1 activity in HDL ↑ SOD and CAT activities in adipose tissue |
Cárdenas et al., 2019 [23] | Male Wistar rats (8 week-old and 250–350 g) | Opuntia ficus-indica Cladode extracts (4.36 g/kg bw/day) | Standard diet + 20% fructose in water 3 weeks + additional 8 weeks, receiving or not cactus extract | ↓ Plasma TG levels NS Abdominal circumference | |
Bounihi, A. et al., 2017 [24] | Male Wistar rats (7–8 week-old) | Opuntia ficus-indica Vinegar of prickly pear (fruit) | High-fat diet (45% of energy from fat) supplemented with 3.5, 7 or 14 mL/kg/day of the vinegar 8 weeks | ↓ Final body weight (all doses) ↓ Visceral adipose tissue weights (mesenteric, epididymal and perirenal) (all doses) ↓ TG, TC, LDL-c and CRI plasma levels (all doses) ↑ Adiponectin in plasma (all doses) ↓ Leptin and TNF-α in plasma (all doses) | |
Verón et al., 2019 [25] | Male C57BL-6 mice (4–6 week-old) | Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit juice (5 mL/day/mouse) fermented and non- fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum S-811(1.2 × 109 CFU/mL) | High-fat diet (60.3% of energy from fat) 7 weeks | ↓ Body weight ↓ Adipose tissue index (HFD-fermented OFI group) Fermented fruit juice: ↓ Plasma TG, TC, glucose and insulin levels and HOMA-IR index (HFD-fermented OFI group) Non-fermented fruit juice: ↓ Plasma TG and TC levels NS Blood leptin levels | |
Rosas-Campos et al., 2022 [26] | Male C57BL/6J mice (7 week-old) | Opuntia ficus Indica along with other 2 Mexican functional foods (MexMix): Theobroma cacao and Acheta domesticus (10% from 8th to 16th each) | HFD (35% of energy from fat) together with high-carbohydrate beverage (2.31% fructose, 1.89% sucrose) From week 8th to week 16th supplementation | ↓ Body weight ↓ Visceral and epididymal fat pad ↓ Adipocyte size (hyperplasia) ↓ Variations in adipocyte size and shape ↓ Serum glucose and insulin levels ↑ Insulin sensitivity ↓ Serum TG, cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels ↓ Inflammatory infiltrates (by haematoxylin-eosin staining) |
Author Year [Ref.] | Participants | Opuntia Species, Product and Dose | Experimental Design | Effects | Mechanism |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linarès et al., 2007 [28] | 59 women with metabolic syndrome Age: 20–55 year-old BMI: 25–40 kg/m2 | Opuntia ficus-indica Dehydrated leaves (NeOpuntia) 1.6 g, 3 times daily | Intervention group and placebo group 6 weeks All subjects: 30 min physical activity/day | ↑ HDL-cholesterol ↓ Triglycerides ↓ Waist circumference ↓ Patients with metabolic syndrome (−39%) | |
Godard et al., 2010 [29] | 29 pre-diabetic adult male and female (14 placebo and 15 patients Age: 20–50 year-old BMI: 30–35 kg/m2 | Opuntia ficus-indica OpunDia™ (a capsule contains 75% Opuntia ficus-indica cladode extract + 25% fruit skin extract) 400 mg/day | Intervention group and placebo group Acute study: OpunDiaTM were given 30 min before ingestion of a 75 g glucose solution Chronic study: 16 weeks | Acute study phase: ↓ Plasma glucose level at 60, 90 and 120 min Chronic study phase: NS fat mass, percent body fat and total body weight NS Plasma insulin, proinsulin, hsCRP, adiponectin and HbA1c levels | |
Grube et al., 2013 [30] | 123 volunteers (30 male and 93 female) Age: 18–60 year-old BMI: 25–35 kg/m2 | Opuntia ficus-indica Litramine IQP G-002AS (a fibre extract) 3000 mg/day | Intervention group and placebo group All subjects: hypocaloric diet (−500 kcal/day) plus daily exercise (30 min/day) 14 weeks | ↓ Body weight ↓ BMI ↓ Waist circumference ↓ Body fat | |
Grube et al., 2015 [31] | 49 volunteers Age: 18–60 year-old BMI: 25–35 kg/m2 | Opuntia ficus-indica. Litramine IQP G-002AS (a fibre extract) 3000 mg/day | Intervention group (n = 25): received 1000 mg fibre extract three times a day Placebo group (n = 24): received 1000 mg of cellulose three times a day All subjects: indication of daily exercise (30 min/day) 24 weeks | ↓ Body weight ↓ BMI ↓ Hip and waist circumference ↓ Fat mass ↓ Satiety | |
Pignotti et al., 2016 [32] | 16 participants with moderate hypercholesterolemia (LDL-c ≥ 120 mg/dL) Age: 32–60 year-old BMI: 31.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2 | Opuntia ficus-indica Pad boiled 280 g/day | Nopal group: received 1 cup (140 g) of Opuntia twice a day Cucumber group (control): received 1 cup (130 g) of cucumber twice a day 2 weeks | NS BMI, body mass and% fat ↑ Plasma triglycerides | |
Aiello et al., 2018 [33] | 39 participants with at least two of these conditions: impaired glucose tolerance, slight dyslipidaemia or waist circumference ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 in women Age: 19–69 year-old | Opuntia ficus-indica 500 g of pasta/week supplemented with 3% of cladode extract | Intervention group and placebo group All subjects: Mediterranean diet 4 weeks | NS% fat mass and BMI ↓ Abdominal waist circumference in men and women ↓ serum glycemia NS serum total cholesterol | |
Giglio et al., 2020 [34] | 49 volunteers (13 male and 36 female without metabolic syndrome. Among the 49 subjects: 31% presented hypertension, 12% were obese and dyslipidaemic, and 4% were diabetic Age: 40–65 year-old BMI: > 30 kg/m2 | Opuntia ficus-indica 500 g of pasta/week supplemented with 3% of cladode extract (30% of insoluble polysaccharides) | Intervention group and placebo group All subjects: Mediterranean diet and little physical activity was practiced 4 weeks | NS Body weight and BMI ↓ Waist circumference ↓ Plasma glucose, triglycerides, creatinine and AST ↓ LDL-2 and LDL-3 | |
Sánchez-Murillo et al., 2020 [35] | 69 women volunteers Age: 40–60 year-old BMI: 27.8 and 29.0 kg/m2 | Opuntia ficus-indica Flour from cladodes 5 g/day | Intervention group (n = 56); and control group (n = 13) 24 weeks | NS BMI and body fat | |
Corona-Cervantes et al., 2022 [36] | 36 women Age: average age between groups were significantly different (obesity group: 40.6 year-old and normal weight group: 22.1 year-old) BMI: >30 kg/m2 in obesity group; BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 in normal weight group | Opuntia ficus-indica Boiled fresh cladodes 300 g/day | Intervention group (obesity group); and control group (normal weight group) No antibiotic treatment in the three months prior to the study | Obesity group: ↓ BMI, weight, hip, waist/hip ratio, serum glucose, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol Normal weight group: no changes | Obesity group ↑ Prevotella, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae ↓ Bacteroides, Blautia and Ruminococcus Normal weight group: ↓ Ruminococcus and Bacteroides ↑ Lachnospiraceae |
Wolfram et al., 2002 [37] | 24 non-diabetic, non-obese males with hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidaemia Age: 37–55 year-old | Opuntia robusta Prickly pear pulp 250 g/day | Group A: Patients with primary isolated hypercholesterolemia (n = 12) Group B: Patients with combined hyperlipidaemia (n = 12) 16 weeks Phase I: 8 weeks of pre-running phase with a diet of 7506 kJ Phase II: 8 weeks with a diet where 625 kJ were replaced by prickly pear pulp | NS Body weight ↓ Plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, fibrinogen, glucose, insulin and uric acid NS HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and lipoprotein(a) |
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Gómez-García, I.; Fernández-Quintela, A.; González, M.; Gómez-Zorita, S.; Muguerza, B.; Trepiana, J.; Portillo, M.P. Usefulness of Opuntia spp. on the Management of Obesity and Its Metabolic Co-Morbidities. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091282
Gómez-García I, Fernández-Quintela A, González M, Gómez-Zorita S, Muguerza B, Trepiana J, Portillo MP. Usefulness of Opuntia spp. on the Management of Obesity and Its Metabolic Co-Morbidities. Nutrients. 2024; 16(9):1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091282
Chicago/Turabian StyleGómez-García, Iker, Alfredo Fernández-Quintela, Marcela González, Saioa Gómez-Zorita, Begoña Muguerza, Jenifer Trepiana, and María P. Portillo. 2024. "Usefulness of Opuntia spp. on the Management of Obesity and Its Metabolic Co-Morbidities" Nutrients 16, no. 9: 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091282