Nutritional Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Gastroesophageal Reflux
4. Postural Modifications
5. Dietary Modification
5.1. Feeding Volume
5.2. Feed Thickeners
5.3. Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
5.4. Feeding Difficulties
5.5. Children and Adolescents
6. Esophageal Atresia
6.1. Sham Feeding
6.2. Enteral Feeding
6.3. Oral Feeding
- Grating hard-texture fruit and vegetables such as carrot or apple;
- Cutting meat against the grain or opting for moist cuts of meat, such as dark chicken meat or minced meats;
- Avoiding certain foods that are tricky to manage, especially those with a “doughy” or “claggy” texture, such as white bread, rusks, and banana;
- Removing tough skins on foods such as sausages;
- Adding sauces or gravy to food to provide additional moisture to aid swallowing;
- Using energy-rich fluids such as milk, fruit juice, soup, gravy and sauces to puréed food, rather than water, helps to maintain the nutritional value of the food offered.
7. Achalasia
8. Gastroparesis
9. Pediatric Intestinal Pseudo-Obstructive Disorders
9.1. Fat
9.2. Fibers in PIPO
9.3. Carbohydrates
9.4. Protein
9.5. Micronutrients
9.6. Meal Composition
9.7. Enteral Tube Feeding
9.8. Parenteral Nutrition
10. Functional Constipation
- Onset of symptoms from birth or within the first few weeks of life;
- Delayed passage of meconium (>48 h after birth);
- Ribbon stools;
- Neurological involvement such as leg weakness;
- Abdominal distension with bilious vomiting;
- Bladder involvement.
10.1. Fibers in Constipation
10.2. Fluid
10.3. Probiotics
10.4. Posture
10.5. Physical Activity
10.6. Allergy
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symptoms | Functional Constipation | Infant Dyschezia |
---|---|---|
Behavior before passing stool | Distress on stooling/straining Bleeding associated with hard stool | Straining/crying/turning red in the face with effort |
Type of stool passed | Hard large stool Rabbit droppings BSC * Type 1–3 | Soft stool |
Frequency of stooling | Fewer than three complete stools per week | Usually daily (eventually) |
Onset of symptoms | First few weeks of life (not from birth) | First few months of life |
Treatment | Dietary interventions Osmotic laxative treatment | Resolves spontaneously within a few weeks |
Age | Total Fluid per Day (mL) |
---|---|
0–6 months | 700 (breastmilk/formula milk) |
7–12 months | 800 (milk and complementary foods and beverages) |
1–3 years | 1300 |
4–8 years | 1700 |
Boys: 9–13 years | 2400 |
Girls: 9–13 years | 2100 |
Boys: 14–18 years | 3300 |
Girls: 14–18 years | 2300 |
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Jackman, L.; Arpe, L.; Thapar, N.; Rybak, A.; Borrelli, O. Nutritional Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2955. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172955
Jackman L, Arpe L, Thapar N, Rybak A, Borrelli O. Nutritional Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2955. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172955
Chicago/Turabian StyleJackman, Lucy, Lauren Arpe, Nikhil Thapar, Anna Rybak, and Osvaldo Borrelli. 2024. "Nutritional Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2955. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172955
APA StyleJackman, L., Arpe, L., Thapar, N., Rybak, A., & Borrelli, O. (2024). Nutritional Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. Nutrients, 16(17), 2955. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172955