Cooking Well with Diabetes: A Healthy Cooking School for Diabetes Prevention and Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. General Health, Physical Activity, and Nutrition
3.3. Healthy Cooking Practices
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Food Category | Food Type | Serving Size | Carbohydrate Choices * |
---|---|---|---|
Starch and Whole Grains | Bread | 1 slice | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Hot Dog or Hamburger Bun | ½ a bun | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | English Muffin | ½ a muffin | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Bagel (4 ounce) | ¼ a bagel | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Pancake (4 inches) | 1 pancake | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Tortilla (6 inches) | 1 tortilla | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Pasta or Rice | 1/3 a cup | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Bran | ½ cup | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Cereal, unsweetened | ¾ cup | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Cereal, Cooked | 1/3 cup | 1 |
Starch and Whole Grains | Crackers, Saltines | 6 crackers | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Corn | ½ cup | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Potatoes | ½ cup | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Yams | ½ cup | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Sweet Potatoes | ½ cup | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Winter Squash | 1 cup | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Baked Beans | 1/3 cup | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Beans | ½ cup | 1 |
Starchy Vegetables | Peas | ½ cup | 1 |
Sweets and Desserts | Cake, frosted | 2-inch square | 2 |
Sweets and Desserts | Cake, unfrosted | 2-inch square | 1 |
Sweets and Desserts | Angel Food Cake | 1/12 | 2 |
Sweets and Desserts | Glazed Doughnut | 3.75 inch | 2 |
Sweets and Desserts | Ice Cream | ½ cup | 1 |
Sweets and Desserts | Frozen Yogurt | ½ cup | 1 |
Sweets and Desserts | Vanilla Wafers | 5 wafers | 1 |
Sweets and Desserts | Fruit Cobbler | ½ cup | 3 |
Sweets and Desserts | Pie (8 inches) | 1/8 | 3 |
Fruit and Juices | Orange/Apple Juice | ½ cup | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Apple/Banana | 1 small | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Peach | 1 medium | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Pear, large | ½ | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Blueberries/Blackberries | ¾ cup | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Raspberries | 1 cup | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Strawberries | 1.25 cup | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Grapefruit, Large | 1/2 | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Cantaloupe, medium | 1/3 melon | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Honeydew cubes | 1 cup | 1 |
Fruit and Juices | Grape/Prune Juice | 1/3 cup | 1 |
Milk and Yogurt | Cow or Soy milk | 1 cup | 1 |
Milk and Yogurt | Yogurt, Plain | 1 cup | 1 |
Milk and Yogurt | Yogurt with Fruit | ½ cup | 1 |
Participant Characteristics | n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 18–24 | 31 (2.5) |
25–34 | 63 (4.0) | |
35–44 | 133 (8.4) | |
45–54 | 211 (13.4) | |
55–64 | 390 (24.8) | |
≥65 | 706 (44.9) | |
n/a | 40 (2.5) | |
Gender | Male | 283 (18.0) |
Female | 1195 (75.9) | |
n/a | 96 (6.1) | |
Race/Ethnicity | Hispanic | 706 (44.9) |
White | 550 (34.9) | |
African American | 227 (14.4) | |
American Indian/Alaska Native | 19 (1.2) | |
Other * | 35 (2.3) | |
n/a | 37 (2.4) | |
Have diagnosed diabetes | Yes | 755 (48.0) |
No | 737 (46.8) | |
n/a | 82 (5.2) | |
Prepare meals for someone with diabetes | Yes | 517 (32.8) |
No | 943 (59.9) | |
n/a | 114 (7.2) | |
Primary food shopper for the household | Yes | 1342 (85.3) |
No | 144 (9.1) | |
n/a | 88 (5.6) |
Participant Self-Reported Health Behaviors | Pre n (%) | Post n (%) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Perception of general health | Excellent/very good/good | 1025 (65.1) | 1158 (73.6) | <0.001 |
Fair/poor | 549 (34.9) | 416 (26.4) | ||
Engage in moderate/vigorous intensity physical activity in the past month | Yes | 799 (50.8) | 1040 (66.1) | <0.001 |
No | 643 (40.9) | 414 (26.3) | ||
Portion of dinner plate filled with fruits and vegetables | More than 1/2 | 539 (34.2) | 740 (47.0) | <0.001 |
Less than 1/2 | 964 (61.2) | 775 (49.2) | ||
Fruit consumption | ≥2 times a day | 548 (34.8) | 772 (49.0) | <0.001 |
<2 times a day | 974 (61.9) | 758 (48.2) | ||
Vegetable consumption | ≥2 times a day | 739 (47.0) | 979 (62.2) | <0.001 |
<2 times a day | 759 (48.2) | 555 (35.3) | ||
Regular soda consumption | Never | 752 (47.8) | 798 (50.7) | <0.001 |
1–6 times a week | 488 (31.0) | 463 (29.4) | ||
≥1 time a day | 308 (19.6) | 245 (15.6) | ||
Sweetened beverage consumption | Never | 655 (41.6) | 739 (47.0) | <0.001 |
1–6 times a week | 469 (29.8) | 468 (29.7) | ||
≥1 time a day | 346 (22.0) | 296 (18.8) |
Frequency of Food Consumption and Food Practices (Always/Mostly) | Pre n (%) | Post n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Add salt to food at the table | 268 (17.0) | 245 (15.6) | <0.001 |
Replace salt with herbs and spices | 526 (33.4) | 734 (46.6) | <0.001 |
Replace shortening/lard with vegetable oil | 1076 (68.4) | 1268 (80.6) | <0.001 |
Modify recipes to lower sugar or fat | 513 (32.6) | 684 (43.5) | <0.001 |
Modify recipes to increase fiber | 338 (21.5) | 521 (33.1) | <0.001 |
Use healthy cooking methods instead of frying | 869 (55.2) | 1140 (72.4) | <0.001 |
Add extra vegetables to casseroles and soups | 581 (36.9) | 837 (53.2) | <0.001 |
Plan meals using the MyPlate method | 245 (15.6) | 507 (32.2) | <0.001 |
Check nutrition facts label on food packages | 544 (34.6) | 847 (53.8) | <0.001 |
Prepare meals and snacks at home | 994 (63.2) | 1148 (72.9) | <0.001 |
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Venkatesh, S.; Leal, D.O.; Valdez, A.; Butler, P.I.; Keenan, O.E.; Montemayor-Gonzalez, E. Cooking Well with Diabetes: A Healthy Cooking School for Diabetes Prevention and Management. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152543
Venkatesh S, Leal DO, Valdez A, Butler PI, Keenan OE, Montemayor-Gonzalez E. Cooking Well with Diabetes: A Healthy Cooking School for Diabetes Prevention and Management. Nutrients. 2024; 16(15):2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152543
Chicago/Turabian StyleVenkatesh, Sumathi, David O. Leal, Amy Valdez, Paula I. Butler, Odessa E. Keenan, and Elaine Montemayor-Gonzalez. 2024. "Cooking Well with Diabetes: A Healthy Cooking School for Diabetes Prevention and Management" Nutrients 16, no. 15: 2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152543
APA StyleVenkatesh, S., Leal, D. O., Valdez, A., Butler, P. I., Keenan, O. E., & Montemayor-Gonzalez, E. (2024). Cooking Well with Diabetes: A Healthy Cooking School for Diabetes Prevention and Management. Nutrients, 16(15), 2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152543