Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Probiotic Strains
2.3. Intervention and Measurements
2.3.1. Assessment of Biochemical Parameters
2.3.2. Assessment for Cognitive and Daily Living Function
2.3.3. Fecal DNA Extraction and NGS Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Recruitment
3.2. BDNF Levels
3.3. Inflammatory Biomarkers, Cortisol Levels, and Antioxidant Capacity
3.4. Cognitive Function
3.5. Changes in the Gut Microbiota Composition
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Active Control Group | Treatment Group | a p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 75.8 ± 7.3 | 75.4 ± 8.0 | 0.872 | |||
Gender (female/male) | 8/8 | 12/4 | 0.144 | |||
AD assessment scales | Baseline | Endpoint | b p-value | Baseline | Endpoint | b p-value |
ADAS-Cog | 21.3 ± 8.3 | 21.6 ± 7.7 | 0.711 | 25.9 ± 12.8 | 26.2 ± 10.8 | 0.768 |
MMSE | 21.1 ± 3.8 | 21.4 ± 4.4 | 0.596 | 18.8 ± 4.5 | 18.9 ± 4.8 | 0.833 |
ADL | 62.4 ± 12.3 | 62.7 ± 11.8 | 0.871 | 53.9 ± 12.7 | 51.0 ± 16.3 | 0.363 |
CDR | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.497 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.751 |
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Hsu, Y.-C.; Huang, Y.-Y.; Tsai, S.-Y.; Kuo, Y.-W.; Lin, J.-H.; Ho, H.-H.; Chen, J.-F.; Hsia, K.-C.; Sun, Y. Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010016
Hsu Y-C, Huang Y-Y, Tsai S-Y, Kuo Y-W, Lin J-H, Ho H-H, Chen J-F, Hsia K-C, Sun Y. Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010016
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Yu-Chieh, Yen-Yu Huang, Shin-Yu Tsai, Yi-Wei Kuo, Jia-Hung Lin, Hsieh-Hsun Ho, Jui-Fen Chen, Ko-Chiang Hsia, and Yu Sun. 2024. "Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study" Nutrients 16, no. 1: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010016
APA StyleHsu, Y.-C., Huang, Y.-Y., Tsai, S.-Y., Kuo, Y.-W., Lin, J.-H., Ho, H.-H., Chen, J.-F., Hsia, K.-C., & Sun, Y. (2024). Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 16(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010016