Indirect Nutrition and Mobility Risks during Hospitalization: An Architectural Perspective on the nutritionDay Study Findings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Method
2.2. Sample and Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Mobility, Nutritional Intake, and Well-Being
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings and Their Implications
4.2. Ward and Hospital Design Challenges
4.3. Future Research Directions
4.4. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Unit | Median | {IQR} | |
---|---|---|---|
Unit size | beds | 30 | {23–40} |
Actual beds | beds | 23 | {18–31} |
Patients recruited | patients | 14 | {9–20} |
Physicians | number | 3 | {2–7} |
Nurses | number | 5 | {3–8} |
Dieticians | number | 1 | {0, 1} |
Physiotherapists | number | 1 | {0–3} |
Unit | n | Median {IQR} Percent | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | year | 48,579 | 66 {51–78} |
Gender | % female | 24,087/48,700 | 49.5% |
BMI < 18.5 | n | 3676/46,082 | 8.0% |
BMI > 30 | n | 8380/46,082 | 18.2% |
Diagnosis (ICD10) + | n | 82,816 | 100% |
Digestive | 11,757 | 14.2% | |
Circulatory | 9883 | 11.9% | |
Neoplasm | 9028 | 10.9% | |
Musculoskeletal | 7822 | 9.4% | |
Respiratory | 7369 | 8.9% | |
Comorbidities # | n | 78,706 | 100% |
Diabetes | 10,550 | 13.4% | |
Cancer | 10,384 | 13.2% | |
Cardiac insufficiency | 8891 | 11.3% | |
Infection | 6517 | 8.2% | |
Chronic lung disease | 5817 | 7.4% | |
Duration since admission | days | 46,526 | 7 {3–15} |
Duration after nutritionDay & | days | 35,326 | 6 {2–11} |
Outcome § | n | 41,885 | 100% |
Discharged home | 30,362 | 72.5% | |
Discharged to another HCF | 4137 | 9.9% | |
Still in hospital on day 30 | 5071 | 11.1% | |
Death in hospital within 30 days | 1342 | 3.2% |
n | Percent | |
---|---|---|
Mobility before hospitalization | ||
Mobile | 29,939 | 61.5 |
With someone‘s help | 5168 | 10.6 |
With a cane/walker | 6463 | 13.3 |
With a wheelchair | 1930 | 4.0 |
Bedridden | 3168 | 6.5 |
Missing | 2032 | 4.2 |
Mobility at nutritionDay | ||
Mobile | 27,683 | 56.8 |
With assistance | 11,713 | 24.1 |
Bedridden | 5623 | 11.5 |
Missing | 3681 | 7.6 |
In general, how would you say your health is? | ||
Very good | 3652 | 7.5 |
Good | 17,199 | 35.3 |
Fair | 17,783 | 36.5 |
Poor | 6608 | 13.6 |
Very poor | 1400 | 2.9 |
Missing | 2058 | 4.2 |
Feeling today compared with admission | ||
Stronger | 20,238 | 41.6 |
Same | 13,337 | 27.4 |
Weaker | 8913 | 18.3 |
Admitted today | 1223 | 2.5 |
I do not know | 2228 | 4.6 |
Missing | 2761 | 5.7 |
n | Percent | |
---|---|---|
How did you eat the week before hospital admission | ||
More than normal | 2221 | 4.6 |
Normal | 28,642 | 58.8 |
¾ | 4991 | 10.2 |
½ | 5974 | 12.3 |
¼ or less | 4383 | 9.0 |
I do not know | 388 | 0.8 |
Missing | 2101 | 4.3 |
Eating on nutritionDay | ||
All | 21,911 | 45.0 |
Half | 12,077 | 24.8 |
Quarter | 6082 | 12.5 |
Nothing (allowed to eat) | 2517 | 5.2 |
Nothing (not allowed to eat) | 3024 | 6.2 |
Missing | 3089 | 6.3 |
Change in food intake since admission | ||
Increased | 6856 | 14.1 |
Unchanged | 19,381 | 39.8 |
Decreased | 15,260 | 31.3 |
I do not know | 3076 | 6.3 |
Missing | 4127 | 8.5 |
Eating apart meals | ||
Yes | 12,391 | 25.4 |
No | 30,354 | 62.3 |
I do not know | 504 | 1.0 |
Missing | 5451 | 11.2 |
n | Median (days) | IQR (days) | |
---|---|---|---|
Mobility before hospitalization and duration since admission | |||
Mobile (ref) | 28,738 | 5 | {3–12} |
Mobile with help | 4899 | 9 * | {4–18} |
Mobile with cane/walker | 6238 | 9 * | {4–18} |
Use wheelchair | 1800 | 11 * | {5–24} |
I am bedridden | 2987 | 11 * | {5–24} |
Missing | 1496 | 8 | {3–17} |
Mobility before hospitalization and length of stay after nutritionDay | |||
Mobile (ref) | 22,347 | 5 | {2–9} |
Mobile with help | 3619 | 7 *** | {3–13} |
Mobile with cane/walker | 4802 | 7 *** | {3–13} |
Use wheelchair | 1239 | 8 *** | {3–16} |
I am bedridden | 2047 | 8 *** | {4–15} |
Missing | 1064 | 6 *** | {2–13} |
Actual mobility at nutritionDay and length of stay after nutritionDay | |||
Mobile (ref) | 20,789 | 5 | {2–9} |
Mobile with assistance | 8401 | 7 *** | {3–13} |
I stay in bed | 3772 | 8 *** | {4–15} |
Missing | 2276 | 6 *** | {2–13} |
Eating on nutritionDay | |||
All (ref) | 16,270 | 5 | {2–10} |
Half | 8638 | 6 *** | {2–12} |
Quarter | 4332 | 6 *** | {2–13} |
Nothing (allowed to eat) | 1817 | 6 *** | {3–12} |
Nothing (not allowed to eat) | 2223 | 6 *** | {3–11} |
Missing | 1958 | 6 *** | {2–13} |
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Kevdzija, M.; Laviano, A.; Worf, I.; Schuh, C.; Tarantino, S.; Hiesmayr, M. Indirect Nutrition and Mobility Risks during Hospitalization: An Architectural Perspective on the nutritionDay Study Findings. Nutrients 2023, 15, 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061527
Kevdzija M, Laviano A, Worf I, Schuh C, Tarantino S, Hiesmayr M. Indirect Nutrition and Mobility Risks during Hospitalization: An Architectural Perspective on the nutritionDay Study Findings. Nutrients. 2023; 15(6):1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061527
Chicago/Turabian StyleKevdzija, Maja, Alessandro Laviano, Isabella Worf, Christian Schuh, Silvia Tarantino, and Michael Hiesmayr. 2023. "Indirect Nutrition and Mobility Risks during Hospitalization: An Architectural Perspective on the nutritionDay Study Findings" Nutrients 15, no. 6: 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061527