Chondroprotective Effects of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) Juice in a Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Animals and Treatments
2.3. Sample Collection
2.4. Biochemical Assay of SYF and Serum
2.5. Histopathological Examination
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects on Body Weight and Knee Diameter
3.2. Effects on serum inflammatory biomarkers
3.3. Effects on serum MMP-1, cathepsin K, and osteocalcin
3.4. Effects on GAG, TNF-α, and IL-6 in SYF
3.5. Effects on the macroscopic apperance of the articular cartilage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | Body Weight Gain (g) | Knee Diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|
Control | 84.4 ± 2.47 | 1.6 |
Osteo. | 31.5 ± 3.28 a | 2.9 a |
Osteo+GFJ (low) | 52.5 ± 1.66 ab | 2.5 ab |
Osteo+GFJ (high) | 39.6 ± 2.63 abc | 2.2 abc |
Osteo+Diclo | 58.7 ± 2.01 abcd | 2.0 abcd |
Groups | CRP (pg/mL) | IL-1β (pg/mL) | PGE2 (pg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 20.60 ± 1.44 | 71.87 ± 1.95 | 329.78 ± 8.3 |
Osteo. | 42.65 ± 3.28 a | 267.44 ± 3.68 a | 789.66 ± 11.6 a |
Osteo+GFJ (low) | 32.54 ± 3.65 ab | 210.92 ± 4.28 ab | 537.53 ± 15.2 ab |
Osteo+GFJ (High) | 27.76 ± 2.78 abc | 170.48 ± 3.68 abc | 490.89 ± 11.1 abc |
Osteo+Diclo | 24.87 ± 2.26 abcd | 101.55 ± 4.68 abcd | 395.61 ± 12.4 abcd |
Groups | Osteocalcin (pg/mL) | MMP-1 (pg/mL) | Cathepsin K (pg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 13.60 ± 1.44 | 76.87 ± 1.95 | 48.78 ± 8.3 |
Osteo. | 4.55 ± 1.87 a | 163.76 ± 8.43 a | 142.66 ± 11.6 a |
Osteo+GFJ (low) | 10.56 ± 1.88 ab | 132.85 ± 5.88 ab | 114.53 ± 15.2 ab |
Osteo+GFJ (high) | 7.12 ± 1.83 abc | 92.54 ± 3.98 abc | 89.89 ± 11.1 abc |
Osteo+Diclo | 8.87 ± 1.65 abcd | 120.64 ± 6.96 abcd | 72.61 ± 12.4 abcd |
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Alazragi, R.S.; Baeissa, H.M. Chondroprotective Effects of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) Juice in a Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis. Nutrients 2023, 15, 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040798
Alazragi RS, Baeissa HM. Chondroprotective Effects of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) Juice in a Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4):798. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040798
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlazragi, Reem S., and Hanadi M. Baeissa. 2023. "Chondroprotective Effects of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) Juice in a Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis" Nutrients 15, no. 4: 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040798