Cafeteria Diet-Induced Obesity Worsens Experimental CKD
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Blood Parameters
2.3. Histology
2.4. Immunochemistry
2.5. Adipokine Determination
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Influence of Cafeteria Diet and SNx on Kidney Function and Insulin Resistance
3.2. Effect of the Cafeteria Diet and SNX Surgery on Body Weight and Adipose Tissue
3.3. eWAT Examination: Adipocyte Sizes and Size Repartition
3.4. Kidney Fibrosis
3.5. Inflammation in Kidney and eWAT
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Standard-Sham | Standard-SNx | Cafeteria-Sham | Cafeteria-SNx | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Creatinine µmol/L | 34.2 ± 5.1 | 54.0 ± 7.0 * | 31.7 ± 1.2 | 70.5 ± 10.3 * |
Glycemia mg/dL | 90 ± 2 | 94 ± 2 | 95 ± 2 | 91 ± 3 |
Insulin mU/L | 92 ± 17 | 66 ± 22 | 177 ± 13 † | 112 ± 19 *† |
HOMA-IR | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 0.6 † | 4.4 ± 0.7 *† |
Left kidney Wt mg | 1250 ± 34 | 1477 ± 82 | 1332 ± 34 | 1833 ± 160 *† |
Mean Level ± Sem | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard-Sham | Standard-SNx | Cafeteria-Sham | Cafeteria-SNx | Surgery Effect (SNx vs. Sham) | Diet Effect (Cafeteria vs. Standard) | Diet Effect in SNx (Cafeteria-SNx vs. Standard-SNx) | |
Pref1 | 13 ± 6 | 27 ± 14 | 83 ± 13 | 128 ± 29 | 0.12 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
FGF21 | 30 ± 13 | 37 ± 6 | 126 ± 17 | 152 ± 22 | 0.28 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
LIF | 62 ± 14 | 66 ± 20 | 131 ± 22 | 161 ± 10 | 0.33 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
Angiopoietinlike3 | 107 ± 28 | 86 ± 18 | 115 ± 15 | 173 ± 8 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
IL11 | 137 ± 22 | 59 ± 18 | 132 ± 12 | 185 ± 31 | 0.56 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
DPPIV | 350 ± 45 | 248 ± 23 | 356 ± 27 | 419 ± 13 | 0.52 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Leptin | 824 ± 126 | 392 ± 58 | 802 ± 87 | 583 ± 96 | <0.01 | 0.39 | 0.50 |
RANTES | 26 ± 11 | 33 ± 17 | 72 ± 15 | 105 ± 10 | 0.16 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
Endocan | 74 ± 20 | 78 ± 16 | 166 ± 26 | 212 ± 35 | 0.33 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
MCP1 | 57 ± 16 | 47 ± 16 | 114 ± 19 | 115 ± 15 | 0.77 | <0.01 | 0.04 |
RAGE | 20 ± 10 | 40 ± 11 | 101 ± 15 | 127 ± 14 | 0.09 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
IL6 | 0 ± 0 | 5 ± 3 | 54 ± 9 | 70 ± 13 | 0.22 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
IL1b | 19 ± 9 | 24 ± 10 | 100 ± 12 | 91 ± 12 | 0.83 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
MCSF | 8 ± 3 | 15 ± 10 | 69 ± 10 | 73 ± 10 | 0.52 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
HGF | 77 ± 25 | 75 ± 15 | 170 ± 28 | 155 ± 14 | 0.70 | <0.001 | 0.07 |
TNFa | 30 ± 17 | 26 ± 12 | 76 ± 11 | 76 ± 12 | 0.88 | <0.01 | 0.07 |
VEGFA | 74 ± 28 | 64 ± 17 | 163 ± 33 | 127 ± 12 | 0.35 | <0.01 | 0.29 |
IL10 | 37 ± 16 | 68 ± 18 | 138 ± 14 | 150 ± 28 | 0.30 | <0.001 | 0.049 |
ICAM1 | 915 ± 85 | 781 ± 49 | 1077 ± 73 | 793 ± 36 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.99 |
IGFBP1 | 51 ± 11 | 39 ± 11 | 94 ± 9 | 147 ± 31 | 0.28 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
IGFBP2 | 234 ± 75 | 97 ± 34 | 235 ± 36 | 243 ± 33 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.18 |
IGFBP3 | 1267 ± 159 | 989 ± 140 | 1115 ± 123 | 1368 ± 67 | 0.92 | 0.39 | 0.19 |
IGFBP5 | 950 ± 60 | 804 ± 32 | 875 ± 85 | 804 ± 78 | 0.13 | 0.59 | 0.99 |
IGFBP6 | 1716 ± 90 | 1420 ± 70 | 1784 ± 95 | 1439 ± 162 | 0.01 | 0.70 | 0.99 |
IGFI | 312 ± 111 | 212 ± 30 | 273 ± 43 | 530 ± 203 | 0.52 | 0.26 | 0.27 |
IGFII | 46 ± 16 | 67 ± 13 | 152 ± 19 | 162 ± 20 | 0.39 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
TIMP1 | 134 ± 31 | 211 ± 66 | 349 ± 82 | 452 ± 101 | 0.24 | <0.01 | 0.14 |
SerpinE1 | 30 ± 9 | 39 ± 10 | 94 ± 12 | 131 ± 22 | 0.13 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
Resistin | 1833 ± 131 | 1382 ± 183 | 1374 ± 93 | 1546 ± 100 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.82 |
Lipocalin2 | 1590 ± 563 | 1169 ± 233 | 1432 ± 368 | 2136 ± 418 | 0.74 | 0.34 | 0.38 |
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Laget, J.; Cortijo, I.; Boukhaled, J.H.; Muyor, K.; Duranton, F.; Jover, B.; Raynaud, F.; Lajoix, A.-D.; Argilés, À.; Gayrard, N. Cafeteria Diet-Induced Obesity Worsens Experimental CKD. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3331. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153331
Laget J, Cortijo I, Boukhaled JH, Muyor K, Duranton F, Jover B, Raynaud F, Lajoix A-D, Argilés À, Gayrard N. Cafeteria Diet-Induced Obesity Worsens Experimental CKD. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3331. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153331
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaget, Jonas, Irene Cortijo, Juliana H. Boukhaled, Karen Muyor, Flore Duranton, Bernard Jover, Fabrice Raynaud, Anne-Dominique Lajoix, Àngel Argilés, and Nathalie Gayrard. 2023. "Cafeteria Diet-Induced Obesity Worsens Experimental CKD" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3331. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153331