Effects of Consuming Ounce-Equivalent Portions of Animal- vs. Plant-Based Protein Foods, as Defined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on Essential Amino Acids Bioavailability in Young and Older Adults: Two Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics
2.2. Participants
2.3. Study Design
2.4. Test Meals
2.5. Sample Collection and Biochemical Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Randomization and Participant Characteristics
3.1.1. Young Adults
3.1.2. Older Adults
3.2. Baseline Fasting Blood Concentrations
3.3. Essential Amino Acids
3.3.1. Young Adults
3.3.2. Older Adults
3.3.3. Young vs. Older Adults
3.3.4. Young and Older Adults Combined
3.4. TAA, BCAA, and Leucine
3.5. Serum Glucose and Insulin
3.5.1. Young Adults
3.5.2. Older Adults
3.5.3. Young vs. Older Adults
3.5.4. Young and Older Adults Combined
3.6. Females vs. Males
3.6.1. Baseline Fasting Blood Concentrations
3.6.2. Plasma Amino Acids
3.6.3. Serum Glucose and Insulin
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Energy (kcal) | Fat (g) | CHO (g) | Protein (g) | EAA (g) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test meal | 218 | 11.5 | 25.8 | 6 | 2.09 |
Lean pork loin (2 oz-eq) | 73 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 7.36 |
Whole eggs (2 oz-eq) | 145 | 10 | 0 | 12.5 | 5.38 |
Black beans (2 oz-eq) | 113 | 0.5 | 20 | 7.5 | 3.02 |
Almonds (2 oz-eq) | 161 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 1.85 |
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Connolly, G.; Hudson, J.L.; Bergia, R.E.; Davis, E.M.; Hartman, A.S.; Zhu, W.; Carroll, C.C.; Campbell, W.W. Effects of Consuming Ounce-Equivalent Portions of Animal- vs. Plant-Based Protein Foods, as Defined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on Essential Amino Acids Bioavailability in Young and Older Adults: Two Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2870. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132870
Connolly G, Hudson JL, Bergia RE, Davis EM, Hartman AS, Zhu W, Carroll CC, Campbell WW. Effects of Consuming Ounce-Equivalent Portions of Animal- vs. Plant-Based Protein Foods, as Defined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on Essential Amino Acids Bioavailability in Young and Older Adults: Two Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2023; 15(13):2870. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132870
Chicago/Turabian StyleConnolly, Gavin, Joshua L. Hudson, Robert E. Bergia, Eric M. Davis, Austin S. Hartman, Wenbin Zhu, Chad C. Carroll, and Wayne W. Campbell. 2023. "Effects of Consuming Ounce-Equivalent Portions of Animal- vs. Plant-Based Protein Foods, as Defined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on Essential Amino Acids Bioavailability in Young and Older Adults: Two Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trials" Nutrients 15, no. 13: 2870. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132870
APA StyleConnolly, G., Hudson, J. L., Bergia, R. E., Davis, E. M., Hartman, A. S., Zhu, W., Carroll, C. C., & Campbell, W. W. (2023). Effects of Consuming Ounce-Equivalent Portions of Animal- vs. Plant-Based Protein Foods, as Defined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on Essential Amino Acids Bioavailability in Young and Older Adults: Two Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 15(13), 2870. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132870