The Impact of Common Acne on the Well-Being of Young People Aged 15–35 Years and the Influence of Nutrition Knowledge and Diet on Acne Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Acne
3.2. Knowledge about Foods That Affect Acne
3.3. Diet and Dietary Habits of Persons with Acne
4. Discussion
4.1. Factors That Aggravate Acne
4.2. Factors That Alleviate Acne
4.3. Stress and Depression in the Development and Aggravation of Acne
4.4. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Respondents | p | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sex n [%] | Women | 963 [72.4%] | <0.01 |
Men | 366 [27.6%] | ||
Time when acne symptoms first appeared | In the previous 5 years | 731 [55%] | <0.01 |
In the previous 2–3 years | 518 [39%] | ||
In the previous year | 80 [6%] | ||
Closest family members were/are also affected by acne | Yes | 877 [66%] | <0.01 |
No | 452 [34%] | ||
Location of lesions [multiple answers possible] | Face | 1315 [99%] | <0.01 |
Chest/cleavage | 463 [34.8%] | ||
Shoulders and back | 354 [26.6%] | ||
Type of lesions [multiple answers possible] | Blackheads | 585 [44%] | <0.01 |
Whiteheads | 492 [37%] | ||
Red spots | 106 [8%] | ||
Cysts | 146 [11%] | ||
Acne severity | Severe | 186 [14%] | <0.01 |
Moderate | 1023 [77%] | ||
Mild | 120 [9%] |
Anxiety | p | Depression | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
Sex | F | 11.43 | 2.34 | <0.001 | 8.97 | 2.21 | ns |
M | 8.86 | 2.27 | 8.91 | 3.04 | |||
Acne severity | Severe | 9.78 | 2.71 | 0.001 | 8.97 | 2.56 | ns |
Moderate | 9.21 | 2.34 | 8.75 | 2.81 | |||
Mild | 8.76 | 2.31 | 8.91 | 2.48 | |||
Have you ever visited a dermatologist? | Yes | 9.07 | 2.31 | ns | 11.46 | 2.56 | 0.0023 |
No | 9.24 | 2.76 | 9.17 | 2.44 | |||
Have you ever visited a cosmetologist? | Yes | 9.53 | 3.15 | ns | 10.11 | 2.51 | ns |
No | 9.41 | 2.89 | 10.43 | 2.49 | |||
Does acne make you feel angry? | Yes | 10.56 | 2.50 | 0.001 | 11.74 | 3.57 | 0.0017 |
No | 8.41 | 2.34 | 8.81 | 2.46 | |||
Does acne cause psychological discomfort (embarrassment, frustration)? | Yes | 9.73 | 3.06 | 0.0024 | 9.11 | 2.71 | ns |
No | 8.41 | 2.51 | 8.87 | 2.46 | |||
Does acne cause physical discomfort (pain, itching, burning)? | Yes | 9.01 | 3.41 | ns | 8.71 | 2.79 | ns |
No | 8.86 | 2.97 | 8.54 | 2.47 | |||
Do you think that other people pay attention to skin blemishes? | Yes | 11.41 | 3.36 | 0.0011 | 10.11 | 3.11 | 0.0013 |
No | 9.17 | 2.17 | 8.44 | 2.57 | |||
Do visible skin blemishes negatively impact personal relationships? | Yes | 10.56 | 3.11 | 0.0073 | 9.17 | 2.71 | ns |
No | 9.14 | 2.47 | 9.03 | 2.59 | |||
Can visible skin blemishes lead to rejection and social isolation? | Yes | 10.01 | 3.13 | 0.024 | 8.97 | 2.91 | ns |
No | 9.23 | 2.70 | 9.05 | 3.16 | |||
Can visible skin blemishes negatively affect employment opportunities? | Yes | 9.24 | 2.70 | ns | 8.47 | 2.56 | ns |
No | 9.31 | 2.56 | 8.70 | 2.49 |
Men (Ref. Women) | Rural Residents (Ref. Urban Residents) | Respondents with Primary Education (Ref. Respondents with University Education) | Respondents with Moderate and Severe Anxiety (Ref. Respondents without Anxiety or with Mild Anxiety) | Respondents with Moderate and Severe Depression (Ref. Respondents without Depression or with Mild Depression) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Certain foods can aggravate acne | 1.12 (0.89–1.27) | 0.84 * (0.71–1.07) | 0.79 * (0.64–1.09) | 1.56 ** (1.23–1.87) | 1.04 (0.91–1.17) |
Omega-6 fatty acids can aggravate acne | 0.82 * (0.73–0.97) | 0.79 * (0.64–0.91) | 1.09 (0.94–1.17) | 1.12 (0.94–1.21) | 1.03 (0.88–1.12) |
Gluten-containing products can trigger acne breakouts | 1.17 (0.94–1.26) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.94 (0.87–1.17) | 1.21 * (1.03–1.37) | 1.06 (0.91–1.19) |
Foods with a high glycemic index can aggravate acne | 0.76 * (0.61–0.94) | 0.51 ** (0.44–0.81) | 0.91 (0.74–1.19) | 1.56 ** (1.23–1.94) | 1.30 * (1.17–1.61) |
Nuts can aggravate acne | 1.07 (0.87–1.20) | 0.87 * (0.70–1.04) | 0.71 * (0.63–0.94) | 1.07 (0.88–1.24) | 1.27 * (1.05–1.41) |
Smoking can aggravate acne | 1.24 * (1.01–1.46) | 1.11 (0.94–1.260 | 0.89 * (0.76–1.14) | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 1.17 (0.90–1.31) |
Alcohol can aggravate acne | 0.74 * (0.61–0.97) | 0.79 * (0.59–1.07) | 0.90 (0.84–1.11) | 1.07 (0.89–1.24) | 1.11 (0.91–1.27) |
Men (Ref. Women) | Rural Residents (Ref. Urban Residents) | Respondents with Primary Education (Ref. Respondents with University Education) | Respondents with Moderate and Severe Anxiety (Ref. Respondents without Anxiety or with Mild Anxiety) | Respondents with Moderate and Severe Depression (Ref. Respondents without Depression or with Mild Depression) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Certain foods can alleviate acne | 1.15 (0.94–1.29) | 0.91 (0.84–1.19) | 0.84 * (0.71–0.99) | 1.29 * (0.84–1.41) | 1.13 (0.88–1.30) |
Omega-3 fatty acids can alleviate acne | 0.92 (0.81–1.09) | 0.94 (0.81–1.19) | 0.59 ** (0.41–0.97) | 1.11 (0.97–1.29) | 1.27 * (1.03–1.39) |
Products containing antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) can alleviate acne | 1.10 (0.94–1.21) | 1.04 (0.91–1.17) | 1.12 (0.88–1.27) | 1.06 (0.89–1.13) | 1.01 (0.91–1.17) |
Zinc and selenium can alleviate acne | 0.84 * (0.71–1.13) | 0.70 * (0.63–0.91) | 0.54 ** (0.37–0.73) | 1.12 (0.94–1.23) | 1.07 (0.90–1.19) |
Dairy products can alleviate acne | 1.25 * (0.89–1.41) | 0.88 * (0.74–0.97) | 1.14 (0.86–1.27) | 1.46 * (1.17–1.61) | 1.27 * (1.11–1.45) |
Probiotics and probiotic foods can alleviate acne | 1.04 (0.88–1.15) | 1.06 (0.91–1.12) | 0.74 * (0.61–0.93) | 1.11 (0.92–1.20) | 1.36 * (0.99–1.54) |
Probiotics supplements can alleviate acne | 1.08 (0.91–1.21) | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 0.65 * (0.57–0.81) | 1.06 (0.95–1.15) | 1.40 * (1.23–1.67) |
Lactobacillus bifidus can alleviate acne | 1.07 (1.01–1.12) | 1.03 (0.89–1.11) | 0.81 * (0.76–0.93) | 1.32 * (1.17–1.43) | 1.19 (1.03–1.27) |
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Kostecka, M.; Kostecka, J.; Szwed-Gułaga, O.; Jackowska, I.; Kostecka-Jarecka, J. The Impact of Common Acne on the Well-Being of Young People Aged 15–35 Years and the Influence of Nutrition Knowledge and Diet on Acne Development. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245293
Kostecka M, Kostecka J, Szwed-Gułaga O, Jackowska I, Kostecka-Jarecka J. The Impact of Common Acne on the Well-Being of Young People Aged 15–35 Years and the Influence of Nutrition Knowledge and Diet on Acne Development. Nutrients. 2022; 14(24):5293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245293
Chicago/Turabian StyleKostecka, Malgorzata, Julianna Kostecka, Ola Szwed-Gułaga, Izabella Jackowska, and Joanna Kostecka-Jarecka. 2022. "The Impact of Common Acne on the Well-Being of Young People Aged 15–35 Years and the Influence of Nutrition Knowledge and Diet on Acne Development" Nutrients 14, no. 24: 5293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245293