Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Korean Propolis on Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Mucosal Injury Mice Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Propolis Solution
2.2. Bacterial Culture
2.3. Ethics
2.4. Animal Experiment
2.5. H. pylori Antigen Test in Mouse Serum
2.6. Campylobacter-Like Organism (CLO) Test
2.7. Histological Analysis
2.8. Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Analysis
2.9. Western Blot Analysis
2.10. Cytokine Measurement via Enzyme-Linked Iimmunoassay (ELISA)
2.11. Measurement of Nitric Oxide (NO) Production
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Gastric Mucosal Therapeutic Effect of KP in H. pylori-Infected Mice
3.2. KP Attenuates H. pylori-Related Virulence Factors in H. pylori-Infected Mice
3.3. KP Restrains the Pro-Inflammatory Response and NO Production in H. pylori-Infected Mice
3.4. KP Regulates the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in H. pylori-Infected Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Identification | Gene | Primer Sequence (5′ to 3′) | |
---|---|---|---|
Specific for H. pylori | 16S rRNA | Forward | CTC ATT GCG AAG GCG ACC T |
Reverse | TCT AAT CCT GTT TGC TCC CCA | ||
SS1 | Forward | CTT AAC CAT AGA ACT GCA TTT GAA ACT AC | |
Reverse | GGT CGC CTT CGC AAT GAG TA | ||
ureA | Forward | AGG AAA CAT CGC TTC AAT ACC | |
Reverse | AGG AAA CAT CGC TTC AAT ACC | ||
SSA | Forward | TGG CGT GTC TAT TGA CAG CGA GC | |
Reverse | CCT GCT GGG CAT ACT TCA CCA TG | ||
napA | Forward | TCC TTT CAG CGA GAT CGT CA | |
Reverse | GAA TGT GAA AGG CAC CGA TT | ||
Specific for inflammation | IL-8 | Forward | TCC TTG TTC CAC TGT GCC TTG |
Reverse | TGC TTC CAC ATG TCC TCA CAA | ||
TNF-α | Forward | TCA GAG GGC CTG TAC CTC AT | |
Reverse | GGA AGA CCC CTC CCA GAT AG | ||
IL-1β | Forward | TTA AAG CCC GCC TGA CAG A | |
Reverse | GCG AAT GAC AGA GGG TTT CTT | ||
A1a | Forward | TCC ACA AGA GCA GAT TGC CCT G | |
Reverse | GCC AGC CAG ATT TGG GTT CAA AC | ||
A20 | Forward | AGC AAG TGC AGG AAA GCT GGC T | |
Reverse | GCT TTC GCA GAG GCA GTA ACA G | ||
c-myc | Forward | GCT GTT TGA AGG CTG GAT TTC | |
Reverse | GAT GAA ATA GGG CTG TAC GGA G | ||
Internal control | 18s rRNA | Forward | GCA ATT ATT CCC CAT GAA CG |
Reverse | GGC CTC ACT AAA CCA TCC AA |
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Song, M.-Y.; Lee, D.-Y.; Han, Y.-M.; Kim, E.-H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Korean Propolis on Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Mucosal Injury Mice Model. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4644. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214644
Song M-Y, Lee D-Y, Han Y-M, Kim E-H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Korean Propolis on Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Mucosal Injury Mice Model. Nutrients. 2022; 14(21):4644. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214644
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Moon-Young, Da-Young Lee, Young-Min Han, and Eun-Hee Kim. 2022. "Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Korean Propolis on Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Mucosal Injury Mice Model" Nutrients 14, no. 21: 4644. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214644