Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles Influences the Cytokine Profile and Exosome Cargo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains and Isolation of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles (BEVs)
2.2. Generation and Stimulation of Human Monocyte Derived-DCs (mo-DCs)
2.3. DC/Naïve CD4+ T-Cell Co-Cultures
2.4. Cytokine Quantification
2.5. Isolati, on of DC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)
2.6. Uptake of DiO-Labeled DC-EVs by T-Cells
2.7. Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) of DC-Derived EVs
2.8. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA)
2.9. Multiplex Surface Marker Analysis
2.10. RNA Isolation
2.11. miRNA Expression Analysis by RT-qPCR
2.12. Ethics
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. BEVs from Gut Microbiota Elicit a Distinctive Cytokine Profile in Human mo-DCs
3.2. Indirect and Direct Co-Cultures of BEV-Activated DCs/Naïve CD4+ T-Cells Generate Th-Specific Responses
3.3. Characterization of EV Secreted by mo-DCs in Response to Microbiota BEVs
3.4. EVs Secreted by BEV-Activated DCs Express a Different Profile of Surface Antigens and Costimulatory Molecules
3.5. DC-Derived EVs Differentially Carry miRNAs Involved in Immune Responses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diaz-Garrido, N.; Badia, J.; Baldomà, L. Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles Influences the Cytokine Profile and Exosome Cargo. Nutrients 2022, 14, 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020344
Diaz-Garrido N, Badia J, Baldomà L. Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles Influences the Cytokine Profile and Exosome Cargo. Nutrients. 2022; 14(2):344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020344
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiaz-Garrido, Natalia, Josefa Badia, and Laura Baldomà. 2022. "Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles Influences the Cytokine Profile and Exosome Cargo" Nutrients 14, no. 2: 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020344
APA StyleDiaz-Garrido, N., Badia, J., & Baldomà, L. (2022). Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles Influences the Cytokine Profile and Exosome Cargo. Nutrients, 14(2), 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020344