Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements
2.3. Assessment of Dietary Vitamin A, C, and E Intakes
2.4. Assessment of Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Characteristics
3.2. GAM Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A, C, and E Intakes and Changes in Bone Parameters
3.3. Linear Regression Analysis for the Association between Dietary Vitamin E Intake and Changes in Bone Parameters
3.4. Threshold Analysis for the Dietary Vitamin C Intake and Changes in BUA in Male Subjects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Values | Total (n = 1418) | Girl (n = 721) | Boy (n = 697) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 14.97 ± 1.46 | 14.99 ± 1.47 | 14.95 ± 1.45 | 0.974 |
Height (cm) | 161.34 ± 9.33 | 157.54 ± 5.85 | 165.27 ± 10.56 | <0.001 * |
Weight (kg) | 49.99 ± 10.59 | 47.72 ± 8.13 | 52.33 ± 12.20 | <0.001 * |
Total physical activity (MET·h/day) | 19.59 ± 9.60 | 19.44 ± 10.45 | 19.75 ± 8.64 | 0.007 * |
Dietary energy intake (kcal/day) | 2185 ± 845 | 1909 ± 827 | 2471 ± 764 | <0.001 * |
Dietary calcium intake (mg/day) | 396.90 ± 171.18 | 356.41 ± 149.60 | 438.78 ± 181.81 | <0.001 * |
Dietary vitamin D intake (µg/day) | 1.85 ± 1.29 | 1.81 ± 1.14 | 1.90 ± 1.43 | 0.467 |
Dietary vitamin A intake (µg RAE/day) | 994.10 ± 528.45 | 973.10 ± 535.78 | 1015.82 ± 520.26 | 0.052 |
Dietary vitamin C intake (mg/day) | 82.57 ± 47.37 | 84.81 ± 48.93 | 80.25 ± 45.62 | 0.118 |
Dietary vitamin E intake (mg/day) | 14.59 ± 8.64 | 15.33 ± 8.48 | 13.82 ± 8.74 | <0.001 * |
Annual relative rate of BUA change (%/year) | 20.50 ± 16.93 | 18.92 ± 16.19 | 22.13 ± 17.53 | 0.002 * |
Annual relative rate of SOS change (%/year) | 1.17 ± 0.81 | 1.39 ± 0.81 | 0.95 ± 0.75 | <0.001 * |
BUA%/year | SOS%/year | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
sβ | p | sβ | p | |
Total (n = 1418) | 0.027 | 0.331 | −0.036 | 0.184 |
Females (n = 721) | 0.082 | 0.033 * | −0.065 | 0.092 |
Males (n = 697) | −0.042 | 0.283 | −0.014 | 0.736 |
Dietary Vitamin C Intake | BUA%/year | |
---|---|---|
sβ | p | |
<159.01 (mg/day) | −0.016 | 0.666 |
≥159.01 (mg/day) | 0.395 | 0.036 * |
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Li, H.; Hou, J.-L.; Yang, W.-Y.; Zhang, Q.; Feng, H.; Wang, X.-B.; Deng, K.-L.; Mao, X.-L.; Xiao, S.-M. Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4187. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194187
Li H, Hou J-L, Yang W-Y, Zhang Q, Feng H, Wang X-B, Deng K-L, Mao X-L, Xiao S-M. Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19):4187. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194187
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Hui, Jin-Li Hou, Wan-Yu Yang, Qiong Zhang, Hao Feng, Xiao-Bao Wang, Kai-Li Deng, Xin-Liang Mao, and Su-Mei Xiao. 2022. "Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study" Nutrients 14, no. 19: 4187. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194187