Ethanol Extract of Licorice Alleviates HFD-Induced Liver Fat Accumulation in Association with Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Metabolites in Obesity Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Licorice Ethanol Extract (LEE) Preparation
2.2. Animal, Diets, and Experimental Design
2.3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
2.4. Histological Analysis
2.5. Biochemical Analysis, Endotoxemia and Cytokine Measurement
2.6. Real-Time PCR Analysis
2.7. Measurement of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Concentration in the Colon Digested
2.8. Gut Microbiota Analysis
2.9. Cell Experiment
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. LEE Administration Attenuated the Obesity Characteristics of HFD Mice
3.2. Effects of LEE on Serum Lipid Profile and Glucose Tolerance
3.3. LEE Treatment Reduces HFD-Induced Liver Fat Accumulation and Damage
3.4. LEE Treatment Changes the Composition of Gut Microbiota in HFD Mice
3.5. Effect of LEE on Pseudo-Germ-Free Mice with HFD
3.6. LEE Modulates HFD-Induced Abnormal Hepatic Lipid Synthesis and Inflammatory Factors
3.7. Impact of LEE Administration on Colonic SCFA Metabolism
3.8. Correlation Analysis of Feature Genera and Metabolic Parameters
3.9. Effects of GL, GA and LEE on FFA-Induced HepG2 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liu, F.; Tang, X.; Mao, B.; Zhang, Q.; Zhao, J.; Cui, S.; Chen, W. Ethanol Extract of Licorice Alleviates HFD-Induced Liver Fat Accumulation in Association with Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Metabolites in Obesity Mice. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4180. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194180
Liu F, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Cui S, Chen W. Ethanol Extract of Licorice Alleviates HFD-Induced Liver Fat Accumulation in Association with Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Metabolites in Obesity Mice. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19):4180. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194180
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Fei, Xin Tang, Bingyong Mao, Qiuxiang Zhang, Jianxin Zhao, Shumao Cui, and Wei Chen. 2022. "Ethanol Extract of Licorice Alleviates HFD-Induced Liver Fat Accumulation in Association with Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Metabolites in Obesity Mice" Nutrients 14, no. 19: 4180. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194180