Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Outcomes: Association with the Cord Blood Lipidome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Population, Study Design & Ethics
2.2. Clinical, Endocrine–Metabolic, and Body Composition Assessments
2.3. Lipidomics Fingerprinting by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF MS
2.4. Data Processing
2.5. Lipidomic Data Normalization and Analysis
2.6. Lipid Annotation
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anthropometric, Endocrine–Metabolic, and Body Composition Variables
3.2. Non-Targeted Lipidomics-Based Analysis
3.3. Lipid Species Modulated in SGA, AGA, and LGA Infants
3.4. Correlations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LGA vs. AGA | SGA vs. AGA | LGA vs. SGA | |||||||||||||
Name | m/z | RT (min) | Formula | CV (%) | p-Value | p-Value BH | FC | p-Value | VIP | FC | p-Value | VIP | FC | p-Value | VIP |
Fatty Acyls | |||||||||||||||
1(3)-Glyceryl-6-keto-PGF1α/ 2-glyceryl-6-keto-PGF1α | 443.2649 | 0.84 | C23H40O8 | 2.8 | 4.9 × 10−6 | 1.4 × 10−4 | −LGA | - | 4.40 | 5.41 | 0.20 | 1.73 | −LGA | - | 4.07 |
11-HEDE | 301.1990 | 0.89 | C20H36O3 | 8.6 | 0.0051 | 0.051 | 0.35 | 0.77 | 0.61 | 2.99 | 0.045 * | 2.04 | 0.12 | 0.0029 * | 1.75 |
12,20-DiHETE | 355.2276 | 2.52 | C20H32O4 | 3.9 | 6.9 × 10−6 | 1.4 × 10−4 | −LGA | - | 4.61 | 1.59 | 0.83 | 1.25 | −LGA | - | 3.97 |
12-HETE | 339.2329 | 3.21 | C20H32O3 | 1.1 | 0.0017 | 0.018 | 0.01 | 0.011 | 2.47 | 0.87 | 0.97 | 1.36 | 0.01 | 0.0043 * | 2.50 |
19-Hydroxy-PGE2 | 429.2497 | 0.82 | C20H34O6 | 5.4 | 2.2 × 10−7 | 1.4 × 10−5 | −LGA | - | 3.41 | 22.20 | 0.0025 * | 3.45 | −LGA | - | 3.84 |
3-Hexenyl 3-hydroxybutanoate; WE 10:1; O | 245.1397 | 0.78 | C10H18O3 | 8.1 | 1.8 × 10−7 | 1.4 × 10−5 | - | - | - | +SGA | - | 4.80 | −LGA | - | 3.39 |
5S-HpEPE | 353.2122 | 1.71 | C20H30O4 | 2.8 | 6.9 × 10−6 | 1.4 × 10−4 | −LGA | - | 4.76 | 0.99 | 0.67 | 0.22 | −LGA | - | 4.15 |
6-Hydroxypentadecanedioic acid | 287.1866 | 0.84 | C15H28O5 | 6.1 | 5.5 × 10−6 | 1.4 × 10−4 | −LGA | - | 3.93 | 4.83 | 0.28 | 1.73 | −LGA | - | 3.66 |
9-HODE | 297.2421 | 2.88 | C18H32O3 | 7.1 | 0.0033 | 0.021 | 3.55 | 0.045 | 1.56 | 1.98 | 0.013 * | 0.96 | 1.79 | 0.62 | 1.11 |
Ascorbyl palmitate | 473.2750 | 0.85 | C22H38O7 | 4.1 | 1.8 × 10−7 | 1.4 × 10−5 | - | - | - | +SGA | - | 5.49 | −LGA | - | 3.80 |
Eicosadienoic acid | 307.264 | 3.84 | C20H36O2 | 2.4 | 0.053 | 0.23 | 0.91 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 1.18 | 0.14 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.022 * | 0.56 |
FA 26:2; O | 467.3739 | 2.72 | C26H48O3 | 2.3 | 5.2 × 10−4 | 0.0069 | 0.69 | 0.048 * | 0.90 | 1.17 | 0.13 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.0030 * | 0.90 |
FA 28:2; O | 495.4052 | 3.78 | C28H52O3 | 4.2 | 0.0012 | 0.014 | 0.70 | 0.048 * | 0.82 | 1.28 | 0.093 | 0.80 | 0.55 | 0.0071 * | 0.97 |
FAHFA(18:1-(10-O-16:0) | 595.4939 | 3.80 | C34H64O4 | 1.4 | 0.0014 | 0.016 | 0.71 | 0.048 * | 0.75 | 1.33 | 0.082 | 0.83 | 0.54 | 0.0077 * | 0.94 |
FAHFA(30:1) | 539.4310 | 2.95 | C30H56O4 | 2.6 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 0.0017 | 0.65 | 0.037 * | 0.92 | 1.36 | 0.041 | 0.92 | 0.47 | 0.00038 * | 1.10 |
Hexacosanedioic acid; FA26:1;O2 | 425.3636 | 3.52 | C26H50O4 | 2.4 | 9.4 × 10−5 | 0.0016 | 0.67 | 0.037 * | 0.96 | 1.36 | 0.021 | 0.91 | 0.49 | 0.0027 * | 1.07 |
Methyl-FA 18:3;2OOH | 415.2363 | 0.81 | C19H32O6 | 5.1 | 1.3 × 10−6 | 6.7 × 10−5 | −LGA | - | 3.74 | 8.42 | 0.045 * | 2.52 | −LGA | - | 3.82 |
Decanoylcarnitine | 316.2482 | 0.92 | C17H33NO4 | 7.9 | 0.045 | 0.067 | 1.30 | 0.027 | 0.38 | 1.50 | 0.033 | 1.12 | 0.87 | 0.36 | 0.15 |
Decenoylcarnitine | 314.2326 | 0.86 | C17H31NO4 | 8.6 | 0.034 | 0.061 | 1.31 | 0.039 | 0.38 | 1.49 | 0.045 * | 1.12 | 0.88 | 0.58 | 0.09 |
Oleoylcarnitine | 426.3576 | 2.43 | C25H47NO4 | 5.5 | 0.0091 | 0.043 | 1.46 | 0.0035 | 0.65 | 1.15 | 0.22 | 0.49 | 1.27 | 0.038 * | 0.40 |
Palmitoylcarnitine | 400.3420 | 2.25 | C23H45NO4 | 5.4 | 0.0017 | 0.018 | 1.46 | 0.029 * | 0.64 | 1.18 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 1.24 | 0.029 | 0.38 |
α-Linolenic acid | 277.217 | 2.55 | C18H30O2 | 2.4 | 0.080 | 0.26 | 0.86 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 1.25 | 0.16 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.045 | 0.64 |
Docosatetraenoic acid | 331.264 | 3.65 | C22H36O2 | 1.4 | 0.013 | 0.094 | 0.91 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 1.18 | 0.093 | 0.65 | 0.76 | 0.0194 * | 0.56 |
Docosahexaenoic acid; DHA | 327.2329 | 2.77 | C22H32O2 | 2.1 | 0.0057 | 0.054 | 0.97 | 0.83 | 0.14 | 1.55 | 0.045 * | 1.07 | 0.63 | 0.020 * | 0.75 |
Docosapentaenoic acid; DPA | 329.249 | 3.16 | C22H34O2 | 5.8 | 0.030 | 0.16 | 1.03 | 0.76 | 0.13 | 1.56 | 0.019 | 0.99 | 0.66 | 0.026 * | 0.61 |
Eicosadienoic acid | 307.264 | 3.84 | C20H36O2 | 2.4 | 0.053 | 0.23 | 0.91 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 1.18 | 0.14 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.022 * | 0.56 |
Hexacosanedioic acid | 425.364 | 3.52 | C26H50O4 | 2.4 | 9.4 × 10−5 | 0.0016 | 0.67 | 0.037 * | 0.96 | 1.36 | 0.021 | 0.91 | 0.49 | 0.0027 * | 1.07 |
Linoleic acid | 279.233 | 3.05 | C18H32O2 | 1.5 | 0.037 | 0.19 | 0.80 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 1.40 | 0.081 | 0.87 | 0.57 | 0.022 * | 0.81 |
Myristic acid | 227.202 | 2.56 | C14H28O2 | 3.2 | 0.13 | 0.36 | 0.91 | 0.45 | 0.16 | 1.22 | 0.21 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.054 * | 0.57 |
Oleic acid | 281.249 | 3.63 | C18H34O2 | 1.1 | 0.058 | 0.23 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 1.41 | 0.070 | 0.94 | 0.68 | 0.032 * | 0.59 |
Palmitic acid | 255.233 | 3.46 | C16H32O2 | 2.4 | 0.11 | 0.30 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 1.26 | 0.074 | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.045 | 0.48 |
Glycerolipids | |||||||||||||||
DG 16:0/18:2/0:0 | 610.5393 | 11.34 | C37H68O5 | 6.0 | 1.5 × 10−5 | 0.0015 | 1.45 | 0.053 | 0.70 | 3.55 | 0.011 * | 3.46 | 0.41 | 0.0083 * | 1.33 |
TG 14:0/18:3/22:3 | 917.6996 | 13.57 | C57H98O6 | 6.7 | 0.023 | 0.057 | 0.86 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 1.80 | 0.061 | 1.46 | 0.48 | 0.055 * | 1.00 |
TG 14:0/22:2/18:2 | 921.7310 | 13.94 | C57H102O6 | 4.8 | 0.024 | 0.057 | 1.20 | 0.078 | 0.31 | 1.29 | 0.021 * | 0.71 | 0.93 | 0.62 | 0.29 |
TG 15:0/18:3/19:0 | 895.7153 | 13.94 | C55H100O6 | 6.0 | 0.016 | 0.049 | 1.32 | 0.056 | 0.48 | 1.41 | 0.020 * | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.65 | 0.40 |
TG 15:0/20:0/O-18:0 | 901.8020 | 13.55 | C57H98O6 | 14.7 | 0.017 | 0.049 | 1.15 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 1.48 | 0.019 * | 1.05 | 0.78 | 0.068 | 0.42 |
TG 16:0/16:0/20:4 | 872.7700 | 13.55 | C55H98O6 | 4.3 | 0.017 | 0.049 | 1.27 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 1.80 | 0.019 * | 1.54 | 0.70 | 0.095 | 0.66 |
TG 16:0/18:0/18:3 | 879.7411 | 13.94 | C55H100O6 | 3.8 | 0.014 | 0.047 | 1.47 | 0.054 | 0.59 | 1.56 | 0.020 * | 1.18 | 0.94 | 0.59 | 0.50 |
TG 16:0/18:1/18:1 | 876.8000 | 13.56 | C55H102O6 | 8.8 | 0.030 | 0.059 | 1.08 | 0.48 | 0.19 | 1.40 | 0.026 * | 0.95 | 0.77 | 0.052 | 0.45 |
TG 16:0/18:1/18:3 | 877.7253 | 13.55 | C55H98O6 | 5.1 | 0.014 | 0.047 | 1.23 | 0.14 | 0.36 | 1.58 | 0.019 * | 1.22 | 0.78 | 0.15 | 0.52 |
TG 16:0/18:1/20:4 | 898.7850 | 13.56 | C57H100O6 | 16.5 | 0.055 | 0.073 | 1.10 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 1.53 | 0.035 * | 1.21 | 0.72 | 0.052 | 0.56 |
TG 16:0/18:1/22:6 | 922.7880 | 13.56 | C59H100O6 | 7.3 | 0.021 | 0.055 | 1.02 | 0.87 | 0.19 | 1.69 | 0.020 * | 1.38 | 0.60 | 0.055 * | 0.78 |
TG 16:0/18:2/20:4 | 896.7700 | 13.24 | C57H98O6 | 7.5 | 0.027 | 0.058 | 1.01 | 0.93 | 0.08 | 1.42 | 0.04 * | 0.99 | 0.71 | 0.055 * | 0.51 |
TG 16:0/18:2/22:6 | 920.7690 | 13.23 | C59H98O6 | 2.6 | 0.025 | 0.057 | 0.91 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 1.88 | 0.037 * | 1.59 | 0.48 | 0.013 | 1.08 |
TG 16:1/18:1/18:1 | 874.7860 | 13.94 | C55H100O6 | 2.8 | 0.024 | 0.057 | 1.41 | 0.081 | 0.57 | 1.52 | 0.024 * | 1.12 | 0.93 | 0.57 | 0.49 |
TG 16:1/18:1/18:2 | 872.7641 | 13.54 | C55H98O6 | 6.9 | 0.0098 | 0.044 | 1.33 | 0.035 | 0.38 | 1.53 | 0.020 * | 1.03 | 0.87 | 0.16 | 0.46 |
TG 16:1/18:1/20:2 | 905.7567 | 13.94 | C57H102O6 | 7.0 | 0.014 | 0.047 | 1.35 | 0.030 | 0.46 | 1.42 | 0.021 * | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.71 | 0.36 |
TG 16:1/18:2/20:3 | 896.7702 | 13.56 | C57H98O6 | 15.7 | 0.014 | 0.047 | 1.16 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 1.60 | 0.019 * | 1.24 | 0.73 | 0.051 | 0.59 |
TG 18:1/18:1/18:2 | 900.7971 | 13.56 | C57H102O6 | 13.8 | 0.011 | 0.044 | 1.09 | 0.41 | 0.19 | 1.61 | 0.013 * | 1.30 | 0.68 | 0.0082 | 0.60 |
TG 18:1/18:2/22:0 | 958.8783 | 13.94 | C61H112O6 | 12.7 | 0.0064 | 0.035 | 1.32 | 0.013 | 0.44 | 1.38 | 0.019 * | 0.87 | 0.95 | 0.67 | 0.31 |
TG 20:4/16:0/O-18:0 | 907.7515 | 12.44 | C57H104O5 | 4.6 | 0.0011 | 0.014 | 2.88 | 0.0017 | 1.45 | 2.50 | 0.014 * | 2.47 | 1.15 | 0.89 | 0.90 |
TG 84:5 | 1367.23 | 14.69 | C87H164NO9 | 7.7 | 0.022 | 0.056 | 0.73 | 0.085 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 0.018 * | 1.23 | 1.15 | 0.46 | 0.31 |
Glycerophospholipids | |||||||||||||||
LPC 14:0/0:0 | 468.3082 | 1.68 | C22H46NO7P | 5.6 | 0.0046 | 0.028 | 1.07 | 0.43 | 0.13 | 0.76 | 0.014 * | 0.90 | 1.41 | 0.025 * | 0.53 |
LPC 16:1/0:0 | 494.3239 | 1.84 | C24H48NO7P | 5.7 | 0.0025 | 0.019 | 1.12 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.68 | 0.013 * | 1.35 | 1.65 | 0.010 * | 0.81 |
LPC 18:1/0:0 | 580.3615 | 2.70 | C26H52NO7P | 2.9 | 0.0050 | 0.051 | 1.11 | 0.11 | 0.37 | 0.86 | 0.031 | 0.70 | 1.29 | 0.011 * | 0.59 |
LPC 20:3/0:0 | 546.3549 | 2.57 | C28H52NO7P | 6.2 | 2.2 × 10−4 | 0.0045 | 1.21 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.59 | 0.018 * | 1.65 | 2.04 | 0.0064 * | 1.07 |
PC 16:0/16:1 | 732.5533 | 7.14 | C40H78NO8P | 1.6 | 0.010 | 0.044 | 1.06 | 0.67 | 0.22 | 0.73 | 0.025 * | 1.13 | 1.45 | 0.020 | 0.56 |
PC 16:0/18:1 | 760.5852 | 8.86 | C42H82NO8P | 1.0 | 0.0069 | 0.035 | 1.09 | 0.68 | 0.21 | 0.80 | 0.020 * | 0.79 | 1.37 | 0.012 | 0.44 |
PC 16:0/20:3 | 784.5846 | 8.55 | C44H82NO8P | 1.9 | 1.7 × 10−4 | 0.0045 | 1.15 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.44 | 0.013 * | 2.46 | 2.64 | 0.0064 * | 1.38 |
PC 16:0/22:4 | 810.6010 | 8.28 | C46H84NO8P | 2.9 | 0.062 | 0.076 | 1.10 | 0.52 | 0.28 | 0.77 | 0.045 * | 0.77 | 1.43 | 0.078 | 0.46 |
PC 16:0/22:4 | 810.6008 | 8.66 | C46H84NO8P | 2.8 | 0.0019 | 0.018 | 0.85 | 0.069 | 0.30 | 0.71 | 0.011 * | 1.02 | 1.20 | 0.039 | 0.25 |
PC 18:0/20:2 | 814.6328 | 11.43 | C46H88NO8P | 3.9 | 0.013 | 0.047 | 0.89 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.77 | 0.018 * | 0.78 | 1.16 | 0.12 | 0.21 |
PC 18:0/20:3 | 870.6224 | 11.29 | C46H86NO8P | 2.8 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0016 | 1.03 | 0.92 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.0012 * | 1.73 | 2.44 | 0.0016 * | 1.19 |
PC 18:0/20:4; 12OH | 826.5950 | 5.99 | C46H84NO9P | 12.6 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 1.03 | 0.91 | 1.51 | 1.46 | 0.042 * | 1.52 | 0.71 | 0.29 | 1.39 |
PC 18:0/20:5 | 808.5845 | 8.06 | C46H82NO8P | 2.0 | 3.0 × 10−4 | 0.0051 | 0.81 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0.012 * | 1.81 | 1.49 | 0.0083 * | 0.57 |
PC 18:2/22:2 | 838.6314 | 11.06 | C48H88NO8P | 5.7 | 0.0013 | 0.015 | 0.74 | 0.040 * | 0.47 | 0.79 | 0.018 * | 0.74 | 0.95 | 0.45 | 0.12 |
PC 22:2/16:1 | 812.6160 | 10.96 | C46H86NO8P | 4.2 | 1.5 × 10−4 | 0.0045 | 1.15 | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.47 | 0.0033 * | 2.18 | 2.45 | 0.0064 * | 1.25 |
PC 22:4/18:1 | 836.6157 | 10.25 | C48H86NO8P | 2.7 | 0.0024 | 0.019 | 0.82 | 0.092 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.0033 * | 1.61 | 1.39 | 0.028 * | 0.51 |
PC O-18:1/0:0 | 508.3760 | 3.05 | C26H54NO6P | 5.0 | 0.030 | 0.059 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.60 | 0.99 | 0.61 | 0.43 | 1.47 | 0.026 | 0.63 |
PC O-18:1/18:2 | 770.6050 | 9.31 | C44H84NO7P | 16.1 | 0.027 | 0.058 | 0.82 | 0.089 | 0.43 | 0.70 | 0.019 * | 0.96 | 1.18 | 0.71 | 0.19 |
PS 20:0/22:6 | 864.5696 | 8.86 | C48H82NO10P | 18.7 | 0.016 | 0.049 | 1.09 | 0.34 | 0.16 | 0.83 | 0.048 * | 0.60 | 1.32 | 0.011 | 0.41 |
PS 22:0/20:0 | 893.7000 | 13.55 | C48H94NO10P | 6.5 | 0.019 | 0.053 | 1.26 | 0.18 | 0.39 | 1.63 | 0.019 * | 1.30 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 0.57 |
Sphingolipids | |||||||||||||||
SM 16:0; O2/22:0 | 761.653 | 11.51 | C43H89N2O6P | 4.8 | 0.026 | 0.058 | 1.15 | 0.060 | 0.19 | 0.93 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 1.24 | 0.055 * | 0.30 |
SM 18:0; O2/22:0 | 789.6857 | 11.94 | C45H93N2O6P | 6.2 | 0.0033 | 0.021 | 1.07 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.84 | 0.026 * | 0.52 | 1.27 | 0.028 * | 0.36 |
SM 18:0; O2/26:0 | 845.7410 | 13.17 | C49H101N2O6P | 12.0 | 0.037 | 0.061 | 1.40 | 0.098 | 0.49 | 1.54 | 0.020 * | 1.29 | 0.90 | 0.31 | 0.47 |
SM 18:1; O2/20:0 | 819.6590 | 11.64 | C43H89N2O6P | 5.3 | 0.018 | 0.11 | 1.11 | 0.21 | 0.37 | 0.85 | 0.016 | 0.69 | 1.31 | 0.020 * | 0.60 |
SM 18:1; O2/21:0 | 811.6042 | 8.66 | C44H89N2O6P | 3.0 | 0.0026 | 0.019 | 0.87 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.73 | 0.011 * | 0.95 | 1.20 | 0.042 | 0.25 |
SM 18:1; O2/22:0 | 787.6677 | 11.54 | C45H91N2O6P | 7.0 | 0.0070 | 0.035 | 1.36 | 0.018 | 0.43 | 0.92 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 1.47 | 0.046 * | 0.52 |
SM 18:1; O2/24:0 | 815.7000 | 11.93 | C47H95N2O6P | 2.2 | 0.014 | 0.047 | 1.24 | 0.015 | 0.31 | 0.97 | 0.61 | 0.19 | 1.28 | 0.0070 | 0.35 |
Sterol Lipids | |||||||||||||||
22:0-Glc-Cholesterol | 871.7420 | 13.25 | C55H98O7 | 2.4 | 0.030 | 0.059 | 1.10 | 0.67 | 0.21 | 1.45 | 0.020 * | 1.03 | 0.76 | 0.078 | 0.49 |
3-Deoxyvitamin D3 | 369.3510 | 12.52 | C27H44 | 4.9 | 0.047 | 0.067 | 1.16 | 0.49 | 1.58 | 1.88 | 0.030 * | 2.02 | 0.62 | 0.048 | 1.71 |
CE 16:1 | 640.6020 | 14.57 | C43H74O2 | 3.6 | 0.020 | 0.054 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.42 | 0.61 | 0.0137 * | 1.76 | 1.53 | 0.079 | 0.60 |
CE 18:3 | 664.6019 | 14.11 | C45H74O2 | 22.0 | 0.013 | 0.047 | 0.89 | 0.18 | 0.57 | 0.61 | 0.013 * | 1.61 | 1.46 | 0.40 | 0.53 |
CE 20:3 | 713.5632 | 14.69 | C47H78O2 | 2.9 | 0.0066 | 0.035 | 0.89 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.77 | 0.013 * | 0.73 | 1.16 | 0.079 | 0.22 |
Cholesteryl 11-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoate | 743.5375 | 12.41 | C47H76O4 | 3.2 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 0.0045 | 0.52 | 0.049 | 1.95 | 2.46 | 0.026 * | 2.72 | 0.21 | 0.0038 * | 1.97 |
1(3)-Glyceryl-6-keto-PGF1alpha/ 2-glyceryl-6-keto-PGF1α | 11-HEDE | 12-HETE | 12,20-DiHETE | 19R-hydroxy-PGE1 | 5S-HpEPE | 6-Hydroxypentadecanedioic acid | Methyl-FA 18:3;2OOH | |||||||||
At birth | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p |
Weight | −0.82 | <0.0001 | 0.36 | 0.0279 | −0.56 | 0.0003 | −0.80 | <0.0001 | −0.91 | <0.0001 | −0.83 | <0.0001 | −0.82 | <0.0001 | −0.83 | <0.0001 |
Length | −0.73 | <0.0001 | 0.40 | 0.0144 | −0.46 | 0.0042 | −0.70 | <0.0001 | −0.84 | <0.0001 | −0.74 | <0.0001 | −0.73 | <0.0001 | −0.74 | <0.0001 |
BMI Z-score | −0.75 | <0.0001 | 0.39 | 0.0178 | −0.54 | 0.0007 | −0.72 | 0.0035 | −0.85 | <0.0001 | −0.75 | <0.0001 | −0.75 | <0.0001 | −0.77 | <0.0001 |
HOMA-IR | 0.13 | 0.2034 | 0.49 | 0.0029 | −0.02 | 0.5755 | 0.08 | 0.6980 | 0.06 | 0.6797 | 0.09 | 0.5482 | 0.13 | 0.2323 | 0.11 | 0.4670 |
At 4 months | ||||||||||||||||
Weight | −0.59 | 0.0003 | 0.45 | 0.0087 | −0.23 | 0.2027 | −0.57 | 0.0006 | −0.70 | <0.0001 | −0.62 | 0.0001 | −0.61 | 0.0002 | −0.62 | 0.0001 |
Length | −0.61 | 0.0002 | 0.28 | 0.1087 | −0.24 | 0.1761 | −0.56 | 0.0008 | −0.67 | <0.0001 | −0.63 | 0.0001 | −0.63 | <0.0001 | −0.60 | 0.0002 |
BMI Z-score | −0.33 | 0.0642 | 0.57 | 0.0008 | −0.09 | 0.2725 | −0.35 | 0.0520 | −0.46 | 0.0088 | −0.37 | 0.0368 | −0.35 | 0.0543 | −0.39 | 0.0287 |
HOMA-IR | 0.44 | 0.0033 | 0.13 | 0.3602 | 0.18 | 0.3165 | 0.37 | 0.0521 | 0.48 | 0.0026 | 0.42 | 0.0492 | 0.52 | <0.0001 | 0.46 | 0.0040 |
At 12 months | ||||||||||||||||
Weight | −0.38 | 0.0209 | 0.37 | 0.0251 | −0.26 | 0.1290 | −0.44 | 0.0070 | −0.46 | 0.0053 | −0.43 | 0.0086 | −0.34 | 0.0408 | −0.40 | 0.0171 |
Length | −0.33 | 0.0464 | 0.17 | 0.3152 | −0.33 | 0.0520 | −0.40 | 0.0146 | −0.38 | 0.0212 | −0.35 | 0.0376 | −0.24 | 0.1559 | −0.37 | 0.0257 |
BMI Z-score | −0.22 | 0.1995 | 0.43 | 0.0088 | −0.04 | 0.8369 | −0.24 | 0.1708 | −0.30 | 0.0817 | −0.28 | 0.1017 | −0.26 | 0.1275 | −0.22 | 0.2020 |
HOMA-IR | 0.30 | 0.2893 | −0.10 | 0.3981 | 0.23 | 0.4132 | 0.26 | 0.3879 | 0.24 | 0.3960 | 0.32 | 0.1219 | 0.32 | 0.1039 | 0.28 | 0.1461 |
Δ 0–4 months | ||||||||||||||||
Weight | 0.05 | 0.7797 | 0.24 | 0.1723 | 0.28 | 0.1104 | 0.06 | 0.7188 | −0.00 | 0.9765 | 0.01 | 0.9170 | 0.01 | 0.9171 | 0.02 | 0.9133 |
Length | 0.08 | 0.6620 | −0.15 | 0.3884 | 0.22 | 0.2218 | 0.11 | 0.5377 | 0.14 | 0.4316 | 0.06 | 0.7043 | 0.05 | 0.7556 | 0.10 | 0.5647 |
BMI Z-score | 0.66 | <0.0001 | −0.12 | 0.5141 | 0.53 | 0.0018 | 0.63 | 0.0001 | 0.70 | <0.0001 | 0.65 | <0.0001 | 0.65 | <0.0001 | 0.64 | <0.0001 |
HOMA-IR | 0.22 | 0.4699 | −0.24 | 0.4134 | 0.10 | 0.7117 | 0.18 | 0.5190 | 0.30 | 0.1867 | 0.22 | 0.3641 | 0.29 | 0.0911 | 0.25 | 0.2475 |
Δ 0–12 months | ||||||||||||||||
Weight | 0.11 | 0.5274 | 0.20 | 0.2305 | 0.07 | 0.6765 | 0.01 | 0.9130 | 0.08 | 0.6267 | 0.05 | 0.7468 | 0.16 | 0.3583 | 0.10 | 0.5524 |
Length | 0.32 | 0.0553 | −0.18 | 0.2762 | 0.08 | 0.6426 | 0.23 | 0.1781 | 0.37 | 0.0245 | 0.32 | 0.0561 | 0.42 | 0.0108 | 0.30 | 0.0768 |
BMI Z-score | 0.60 | 0.0002 | −0.12 | 0.6655 | 0.51 | 0.0020 | 0.56 | 0.0006 | 0.65 | <0.0001 | 0.56 | 0.0005 | 0.57 | 0.0004 | 0.62 | <0.0001 |
HOMA-IR | 0.07 | 0.7758 | −0.20 | 0.0698 | 0.16 | 0.4879 | 0.06 | 0.8720 | 0.08 | 0.8618 | 0.11 | 0.2786 | 0.09 | 0.7417 | 0.07 | 0.7753 |
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Gonzalez-Riano, C.; Santos, M.; Díaz, M.; García-Beltran, C.; Lerin, C.; Barbas, C.; Ibáñez, L.; Sánchez-Infantes, D. Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Outcomes: Association with the Cord Blood Lipidome. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183760
Gonzalez-Riano C, Santos M, Díaz M, García-Beltran C, Lerin C, Barbas C, Ibáñez L, Sánchez-Infantes D. Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Outcomes: Association with the Cord Blood Lipidome. Nutrients. 2022; 14(18):3760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183760
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzalez-Riano, Carolina, Marcelo Santos, Marta Díaz, Cristina García-Beltran, Carles Lerin, Coral Barbas, Lourdes Ibáñez, and David Sánchez-Infantes. 2022. "Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Outcomes: Association with the Cord Blood Lipidome" Nutrients 14, no. 18: 3760. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183760