The Effect of a Combination of Eucommia ulmoides and Achyranthes japonica on Alleviation of Testosterone Deficiency in Aged Rat Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation and Liquid Chromatography
2.3. Experimental Animals
2.4. Serum Testosterone Concentration Assay
2.5. SHBG Levels in Serum
2.6. Serum Estradiol Levels Measurement
2.7. DNA Synthesis and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.8. ALT, AST Analysis in the Serum
2.9. Biochemical Analysis
2.10. Sperm Count Measurement
2.11. Swimming Retention Time of Experimental Animals
2.12. PSA Levels in Serum
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of EUAJ (3:1) on Testosterone Concentration in Serum of Aged SD Rats
3.2. HPLC Analysis of Pinoresinol Diglucoside and 20-Hydroxyecdysone in EUAJ (3:1)
3.3. Effects of EUAJ (3:1) at the Various Concentrations of T, SHBG and Estradiol in Serum of Aged SD Rats
3.4. Effects of EUAJ (3:1) on fertility
3.5. EUAJ (3:1) Stimulates Testosterone Synthesis Pathway by Upregulating Expression of Steroidogenic Genes
3.6. ALT and AST Levels
3.7. Effects of EUAJ (3:1) on Body Composition and Serum Lipid Profiles in Aged SD Rats
3.8. EUAJ (3:1) Enhances Physical Function and Stamina through Testosterone Elevation in ICR Mice
3.9. PSA Level According to the Administration of EUAJ (3:1) in SD Rats
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Liver Weight Ratio 1 (%) | ALT (KU) | AST (KU) |
---|---|---|---|
control | 3.08 ± 0.24 a | 30.13 ± 3.44 a | 63.13 ± 14.84 a |
Low | 2.99 ± 0.16 ab | 27.50 ± 6.68 ab | 67.88 ± 18.86 a |
Middle | 2.86 ± 0.22 b | 27.00 ± 2.45 ab | 60.88 ± 10.95 a |
High | 2.93 ± 0.20 ab | 24.63 ± 3.46 b | 56.38 ± 13.50 a |
NC | 3.10 ± 0.13 a | 27.38 ± 2.26 ab | 68.13 ± 16.75 a |
Group | Epididymal Fat Weight (g) | Epididymal Fat Weight Ratio 1 (%) | Muscle Weight Ratio 2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 11.24 ± 0.99 a | 2.15 ± 0.20 a | 0.81 ± 0.02 c |
Low | 10.10 ± 1.85 ab | 1.95 ± 0.33 ab | 0.86 ± 0.06b c |
Middle | 8.68 ± 2.31 b | 1.65 ± 0.41 bc | 0.88 ± 0.03 ab |
High | 9.88 ± 2.11 ab | 1.88 ± 0.40 ab | 0.89 ± 0.07 ab |
NC | 5.83 ± 1.16 c | 1.47 ± 0.22 c | 0.93 ± 0.04 a |
Group | TG (mg/dL) | Total-Cholesterol (mg/dL) | HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) | LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 194.13 ± 63.34 a | 118.63 ± 14.70 ab | 38.88 ± 8.49 a | 40.98 ± 18.26 a |
Low | 193.75 ± 54.99 a | 129.63 ± 18.49 a | 42.88 ± 10.26 a | 47.38 ± 15.14 a |
Middle | 128.25 ± 42.47 b | 121.63 ± 26.01 ab | 38.38 ± 8.40 a | 56.88 ± 25.39 a |
High | 127.63 ± 44.34 b | 115.50 ± 13.85 ab | 36.38 ± 9.71 a | 52.53 ± 18.80 a |
NC | 112.88 ± 42.12 b | 107.50 ± 22.06 b | 35.63 ± 11.49 a | 47.90 ± 12.70 a |
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Lee, J.Y.; Kim, S.; Kwon, H.O.; Bae, B.S.; Shim, S.l.; Jun, W.; Lee, Y.-H. The Effect of a Combination of Eucommia ulmoides and Achyranthes japonica on Alleviation of Testosterone Deficiency in Aged Rat Models. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3341. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163341
Lee JY, Kim S, Kwon HO, Bae BS, Shim Sl, Jun W, Lee Y-H. The Effect of a Combination of Eucommia ulmoides and Achyranthes japonica on Alleviation of Testosterone Deficiency in Aged Rat Models. Nutrients. 2022; 14(16):3341. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163341
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jeong Yoon, Seokho Kim, Han Ol Kwon, Bong Seok Bae, Sung lye Shim, Woojin Jun, and Yoo-Hyun Lee. 2022. "The Effect of a Combination of Eucommia ulmoides and Achyranthes japonica on Alleviation of Testosterone Deficiency in Aged Rat Models" Nutrients 14, no. 16: 3341. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163341