Investigating Causal Associations of Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants with the Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overall Study Design
2.2. Genetic Instruments Selection
2.3. Outcome Data Sources
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Strength of Genetic Instruments
3.2. Absolute Circulating Antioxidants and Digestive System Cancers
3.3. Circulating Antioxidant Metabolites and Digestive System Cancers
3.4. Sensitivity Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trait | Sample Size | p-Value | LD | No. of SNPs | Explained Variance (R2, %) * | Unit | PMID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absolute circulating antioxidants | |||||||
α-Tocopherol | 4014 | 5 × 10−8 | 0.001 | 3 | 1.7 | mg/L in log-transformed scale | 21729881 |
Ascorbate | 52,018 | 5 × 10−8 | 0.001 | 10 | 1.7 | µmol/L | 33203707 |
Retinol | 5006 | 5 × 10−8 | 0.001 | 2 | 2.3 | µg/L in ln-transformed scale | 21878437 |
β-Carotene | 2344 | 5 × 10−8 | 0.001 | 2 | 4.8 | µg/L in ln-transformed scale | 23134893 |
Lycopene | 441 | 5 × 10−8 | 0.001 | 5 | 30.1 | µg/dL | 26861389 |
Urate | 110,347 | 5 × 10−8 | 0.001 | 27 | 3.7 | mg/dL | 23263486 |
Circulating antioxidant metabolites | |||||||
α-Tocopherol | 7725 | 1 × 10−5 | 0.001 | 11 | 6.8 | log10-transfomed metabolite concentration | 24816252 |
γ-Tocopherol | 6226 | 1 × 10−5 | 0.001 | 13 | 9.8 | log10-transfomed metabolite concentration | 24816252 |
Ascorbate | 2085 | 1 × 10−5 | 0.001 | 14 | 21.7 | log10-transfomed metabolite concentration | 24816252 |
Retinol | 1960 | 1 × 10−5 | 0.001 | 26 | 20.6 | log10-transfomed metabolite concentration | 28263315 |
Urate | 7819 | 1 × 10−5 | 0.001 | 18 | 11.4 | log10-transfomed metabolite concentration | 24816252 |
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Zhang, X.; Zhao, H.; Man, J.; Yin, X.; Zhang, T.; Yang, X.; Lu, M. Investigating Causal Associations of Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants with the Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153237
Zhang X, Zhao H, Man J, Yin X, Zhang T, Yang X, Lu M. Investigating Causal Associations of Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants with the Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(15):3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153237
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xuening, Hao Zhao, Jinyu Man, Xiaolin Yin, Tongchao Zhang, Xiaorong Yang, and Ming Lu. 2022. "Investigating Causal Associations of Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants with the Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study" Nutrients 14, no. 15: 3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153237