Association of Household Type and Fast-Food Consumption in Korean Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data and Study Population
2.2. Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Frequent Fast-Food Intake | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | ||||||||||||||
Total | Yes | No | p-Value | Total | Yes | No | p-Value | ||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
Total 186,277 | 89,280 | 100.0 | 3992 | 4.5 | 85,288 | 95.5 | 96,997 | 100.0 | 3505 | 3.6 | 93,492 | 96.4 | |||
Type of Household | |||||||||||||||
Living with both parents | 74,992 | 85.6 | 3243 | 4.3 | 71,749 | 95.7 | <0.0001 | 81,917 | 85.3 | 2865 | 3.5 | 79,052 | 96.5 | <0.0001 | |
Living with single parent | 12,016 | 13.7 | 602 | 5.0 | 11,414 | 95.0 | 13,004 | 13.5 | 532 | 4.1 | 12,472 | 95.9 | |||
Living apart from parents | 1477 | 1.7 | 75 | 5.1 | 1402 | 94.9 | 1554 | 1.6 | 70 | 4.5 | 1484 | 95.5 | |||
No parents | 795 | 0.9 | 72 | 9.1 | 723 | 90.9 | 522 | 0.5 | 38 | 7.3 | 484 | 92.7 | |||
Grade | |||||||||||||||
Middle school 1st | 15,932 | 18.2 | 605 | 3.8 | 15,327 | 96.2 | <0.0001 | 17,049 | 17.8 | 499 | 2.9 | 16,550 | 97.1 | <0.0001 | |
Middle school 2nd | 15,251 | 17.4 | 664 | 4.4 | 14,587 | 95.6 | 16,743 | 17.4 | 595 | 3.6 | 16,148 | 96.4 | |||
Middle school 3rd | 14,906 | 17.0 | 726 | 4.9 | 14,180 | 95.1 | 16,558 | 17.2 | 633 | 3.8 | 15,925 | 96.2 | |||
High school 1st | 14,233 | 16.2 | 667 | 4.7 | 13,566 | 95.3 | 15,441 | 16.1 | 537 | 3.5 | 14,904 | 96.5 | |||
High school 2nd | 14,617 | 16.7 | 639 | 4.4 | 13,978 | 95.6 | 15,648 | 16.3 | 619 | 4.0 | 15,029 | 96.0 | |||
High school 3rd | 14,341 | 16.4 | 691 | 4.8 | 13,650 | 95.2 | 15,558 | 16.2 | 622 | 4.0 | 14,936 | 96.0 | |||
Income | |||||||||||||||
High | 37,724 | 43.1 | 1742 | 4.6 | 35,982 | 95.4 | <0.0001 | 35,883 | 37.4 | 1263 | 3.5 | 34,620 | 96.5 | <0.0001 | |
Middle | 40,058 | 45.7 | 1658 | 4.1 | 38,400 | 95.9 | 48,021 | 50.0 | 1639 | 3.4 | 46,382 | 96.6 | |||
Low | 11,498 | 13.1 | 592 | 5.1 | 10,906 | 94.9 | 13,093 | 13.6 | 603 | 4.6 | 12,490 | 95.4 | |||
Region | |||||||||||||||
Capital area | 45,228 | 51.6 | 2009 | 4.4 | 43,219 | 95.6 | 0.4119 | 49,825 | 51.9 | 1790 | 3.6 | 48,035 | 96.4 | 0.2392 | |
City area | 38,908 | 44.4 | 1769 | 4.5 | 37,139 | 95.5 | 41,253 | 43.0 | 1522 | 3.7 | 39,731 | 96.3 | |||
Rural | 5144 | 5.9 | 214 | 4.2 | 4930 | 95.8 | 5919 | 6.2 | 193 | 3.3 | 5726 | 96.7 | |||
Smoking | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 7415 | 8.5 | 600 | 8.1 | 6815 | 91.9 | <0.0001 | 3025 | 3.1 | 254 | 8.4 | 2771 | 91.6 | <0.0001 | |
No | 81,865 | 93.4 | 3392 | 4.1 | 78,473 | 95.9 | 93,972 | 97.9 | 3,251 | 3.5 | 90,721 | 96.5 | |||
Alcohol use | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 13,821 | 15.8 | 866 | 6.3 | 12,955 | 93.7 | <0.0001 | 11,832 | 12.3 | 672 | 5.7 | 11,160 | 94.3 | <0.0001 | |
No | 75,459 | 86.1 | 3126 | 4.1 | 72,333 | 95.9 | 85,165 | 88.7 | 2833 | 3.3 | 82,332 | 96.7 | |||
BMI | |||||||||||||||
Obese | 17,695 | 20.2 | 854 | 4.8 | 16,841 | 95.2 | 0.0016 | 23,272 | 24.2 | 979 | 4.2 | 22,293 | 95.8 | <0.0001 | |
Normal | 52,852 | 60.3 | 2378 | 4.5 | 50,474 | 95.5 | 64,531 | 67.2 | 2207 | 3.4 | 62,324 | 96.6 | |||
Underweight | 18,733 | 21.4 | 760 | 4.1 | 17,973 | 95.9 | 9194 | 9.6 | 319 | 3.5 | 8875 | 96.5 | |||
Physical activity | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 77,940 | 89.0 | 3468 | 4.4 | 74,472 | 95.6 | 0.4237 | 68,451 | 71.3 | 2414 | 3.5 | 66,037 | 96.5 | 0.026 | |
No | 11,340 | 12.9 | 524 | 4.6 | 10,816 | 95.4 | 28,546 | 29.7 | 1091 | 3.8 | 27,455 | 96.2 | |||
Depressive symptom | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 17,488 | 19.6 | 1121 | 6.4 | 16,367 | 93.6 | <0.0001 | 30,751 | 31.6 | 1614 | 5.2 | 29,137 | 94.8 | <0.0001 | |
No | 71,792 | 81.9 | 2871 | 4.0 | 68,921 | 96.0 | 66,246 | 69.0 | 1891 | 2.9 | 64,355 | 97.1 | |||
Year | |||||||||||||||
2017 | 27,916 | 31.9 | 1113 | 4.0 | 26,803 | 96.0 | <0.0001 | 28,851 | 30.0 | 890 | 3.1 | 27,961 | 96.9 | <0.0001 | |
2018 | 27,130 | 31.0 | 1089 | 4.0 | 26,041 | 96.0 | 27,994 | 29.2 | 1012 | 3.6 | 26,982 | 96.4 | |||
2019 | 15,840 | 18.1 | 847 | 5.3 | 14,993 | 94.7 | 19,150 | 19.9 | 794 | 4.1 | 18,356 | 95.9 | |||
2020 | 18,394 | 21.0 | 943 | 5.1 | 17,451 | 94.9 | 21,002 | 21.9 | 809 | 3.9 | 20,193 | 96.1 |
Variables | Frequent Fast-Food Intake | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | ||||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
Type of household | |||||
Living with both parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Living with single parent | 1.08 | (0.98–1.19) | 1.03 | (0.93–1.15) | |
Living apart from parents | 1.04 | (0.80–1.35) | 1.18 | (0.89–1.62) | |
No parents | 2.00 | (1.52–2.62) | 1.58 | (1.09–2.30) | |
Grade | |||||
Middle school | 1st | 0.89 | (0.78–1.01) | 0.83 | (0.72–0.95) |
2nd | 1.00 | (0.87–1.14) | 0.96 | (0.84–1.10) | |
3rd | 1.10 | (0.97–1.25) | 1.04 | (0.91–1.18) | |
High school | 1st | 1.06 | (0.94–1.20) | 0.92 | (0.81–1.05) |
2nd | 0.96 | (0.85–1.08) | 1.07 | (0.95–1.22) | |
3rd | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Income | |||||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Middle | 0.90 | (0.90–0.97) | 0.96 | (0.88–1.05) | |
Low | 1.01 | (1.01–1.13) | 1.16 | (1.03–1.30) | |
Region | |||||
Capital area | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
City area | 1.03 | (0.95–1.11) | 0.99 | (0.92–1.08) | |
Rural | 1.00 | (0.85–1.19) | 0.86 | (0.72–1.02) | |
Smoking | |||||
Yes | 1.69 | (1.52–1.89) | 1.61 | (1.36–1.90) | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Alcohol use | |||||
Yes | 1.24 | (1.12–1.37) | 1.37 | (1.22–1.53) | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
BMI | |||||
Obese | 1.14 | (1.05–1.25) | 1.32 | (1.21–1.44) | |
Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Underweight | 0.89 | (0.81–0.97) | 0.99 | (0.87–1.13) | |
Physical activity | |||||
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
No | 1.03 | (0.93–1.15) | 1.07 | (0.98–1.16) | |
Depressive symptom | |||||
Yes | 1.49 | (1.37–1.61) | 1.74 | (1.61–1.88) | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Year | |||||
2017 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
2018 | 1.04 | (0.94–1.15) | 1.17 | (1.05–1.30) | |
2019 | 1.36 | (1.22–1.51) | 1.31 | (1.17–1.47) | |
2020 | 1.37 | (1.23–1.52) | 1.26 | (1.12–1.41) |
Variables | Frequent Fast Food Intake | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Living with Both Parents | Living with Single Parent | Living Apart from Parents | No-Parents | ||||
OR | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Boys | |||||||
Income | |||||||
High | 1.00 | 1.22 | (1.02–1.46) | 1.10 | (0.65–1.87) | 1.81 | (1.16–2.83) |
Middle | 1.00 | 1.01 | (0.87–1.18) | 0.92 | (0.61–1.38) | 1.64 | (0.96–2.78) |
Low | 1.00 | 1.04 | (0.85–1.27) | 1.18 | (0.75–1.85) | 2.60 | (1.67–4.07) |
Year | |||||||
2017 | 1.00 | 1.07 | (0.89–1.27) | 1.29 | (0.81–2.06) | 2.35 | (1.50–3.70) |
2018 | 1.00 | 0.93 | (0.75–1.15) | 0.74 | (0.42–1.30) | 2.26 | (1.47–3.47) |
2019 | 1.00 | 1.18 | (0.95–1.47) | 1.19 | (0.74–1.92) | 1.89 | (0.93–3.83) |
2020 | 1.00 | 1.20 | (1.00–1.45) | 0.90 | (0.51–1.59) | 0.71 | (0.25–2.04) |
Girls | |||||||
Income | |||||||
High | 1.00 | 1.22 | (0.99–1.51) | 1.61 | (0.94–2.74) | 2.30 | (1.11–4.80) |
Middle | 1.00 | 0.97 | (0.83–1.13) | 0.99 | (0.64–1.52) | 0.62 | (0.31–1.23) |
Low | 1.00 | 0.99 | (0.82–1.21) | 1.13 | (0.69–1.84) | 2.13 | (1.24–3.64) |
Year | |||||||
2017 | 1.00 | 0.90 | (0.72–1.12) | 1.07 | (0.62–1.84) | 1.21 | (0.53–2.77) |
2018 | 1.00 | 0.90 | (0.74–1.10) | 0.94 | (0.56–1.59) | 1.93 | (0.98–3.82) |
2019 | 1.00 | 1.23 | (0.99–1.51) | 1.07 | (0.56–2.05) | 1.54 | (0.85–2.79) |
2020 | 1.00 | 1.18 | (0.95–1.46) | 1.90 | (1.11–3.25) | 1.52 | (0.63–3.67) |
Variables | Frequent Fast Food Intake | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | |||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Type of household | ||||
Living with both parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Living with single parent | 1.08 | (0.98–1.19) | 1.03 | (0.93–1.15) |
Living apart from parents | ||||
Living with family or relative | 0.93 | (0.66–1.30) | 1.23 | (0.88–1.71) |
Living in dormitory or boarding house | 1.15 | (0.74–1.78) | 1.15 | (0.70–1.89) |
Living in orphanage | 2.07 | (0.84–5.12) | 0.69 | (0.27–1.73) |
No parents | ||||
Living with family or relative | 1.85 | (1.36–2.53) | 1.17 | (0.73–1.88) |
Living in dormitory or boarding house | 4.58 | (2.27–9.23) | 4.40 | (1.75–11.08) |
Living in orphanage | 1.20 | (0.49–2.99) | 2.17 | (0.94–4.99) |
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Kwon, H.S.; Kang, S.H.; Park, Y.S.; Kang, J.G.; Park, E.C. Association of Household Type and Fast-Food Consumption in Korean Adolescents. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153024
Kwon HS, Kang SH, Park YS, Kang JG, Park EC. Association of Household Type and Fast-Food Consumption in Korean Adolescents. Nutrients. 2022; 14(15):3024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153024
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwon, Hwa Sook, Soo Hyun Kang, Yu Shin Park, Jung Gu Kang, and Eun Cheol Park. 2022. "Association of Household Type and Fast-Food Consumption in Korean Adolescents" Nutrients 14, no. 15: 3024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153024