Objectively Assessed Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Exposure: Weight Change
2.3. Outcome: Mortality
2.4. Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables
2.5. Study Sample
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristic of the Study Population
3.2. Association between Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality
3.3. Association between Weight Change with Cause-Specific Mortality and Competing Risks
3.4. Sensitivity Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Weight Loss | Weight Stable | Weight Gain | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total n (%) | 271 (16.3%) | 1196 (71.9%) | 197 (11.8%) | |
Age, years mean (±SD) | 74.6 (±5.9) | 72.4 (±5.2) | 72.3 (±5.3) | 0.01 |
Gender n (%) | ||||
Women | 167 (61.6%) | 686 (57.4%) | 132 (67.0%) | 0.03 |
Men | 104 (38.4%) | 510 (42.6%) | 65 (33.0%) | |
Weight, kg mean (±SD) | 67.8 (±12.9) | 67.7 (±12.0) | 64.4 (±10.4) | 0.007 |
BMI 1, kg/m2 mean (±SD) | 25.6 (±3.9) | 25.0 (±3.5) | 24.3 (±3.3) | 0.01 |
BMI group (kg/m2) n (%) | ||||
Underweight < 18.5 | 5 (1.9%) | 24 (2.0%) | 6 (3.1%) | 0.01 |
Normal weight 18.5 to 24.9 | 120 (44.4%) | 641 (53.8%) | 118 (60.2%) | |
Overweight 25 to 29.9 | 114 (42.2%) | 432 (36.2%) | 62 (31.6%) | |
Obese ≥ 30 | 31 (11.5%) | 95 (8.0%) | 10 (5.1%) | |
Waist circumference, mean (±SD) | 89.8 (±11.6) | 88.3 (±11.8) | 87.1 (±11.6) | 0.88 |
Marital status n (%) | ||||
Married | 167 (61.6%) | 810 (67.8%) | 131 (66.5%) | 0.15 |
divorced/separated, widow, single | 104 (38.4%) | 358 (32.2%) | 66 (33.5%) | |
Smoking status n (%) | ||||
Non-smoker | 167 (62.6%) | 692 (57.9%) | 114 (57.9%) | 0.52 |
Past/current smoker | 104 (38.4%) | 504 (42.1%) | 83(42.1%) | |
Alcohol consumption n (%) | ||||
Non/past alcohol drinker | 57 (21.1%) | 158 (13.2%) | 37 (18.9%) | 0.002 |
Alcohol drinker | 213 (78.9%) | 1035 (86.8%) | 159 (81.1%) | |
Education n (%) | ||||
Not Completed at least secondary school | 176 (65.9%) | 766 (64.1%) | 136 (69.1%) | 0.39 |
Completed at least secondary school | 93 (35.1%) | 430 (35.9%) | 61 (30.9%) | |
Diabetes n (%) | 38 (14.2%) | 96 (8.1%) | 14 (7.2%) | 0.004 |
Recent cancer n (%) | 6 (2.2%) | 32 (2.7%) | 4 (2.1%) | 0.81 |
Current depression 2 n (%) | 88 (32.7%) | 307 (25.9%) | 69 (35.6%) | 0.004 |
n/n Events (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight change | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Weight loss | 271/129 (22.8) | 1.27 (1.03–1.56) | 0.02 | 1.28 (1.05–1.57) | 0.02 | 1.24 (1.00–1.56) | 0.046 |
Weight stable | 1196/378 (66.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Weight gain | 197/58 (10.3) | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 0.76 | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 0.83 | 1.05 (0.76–1.45) | 0.74 |
n/n Events (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight change | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Weight loss | 271/64 (26.7) | 1.52 (1.13–2.04) | 0.005 | 1.51 (1.12–2.05) | 0.007 | 1.53 (1.10–2.14) | 0.01 |
Weight stable | 1196/153 (63.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Weight gain | 197/24 (11.8) | 1.06 (0.68–1.63) | 0.79 | 1.06 (0.70–1.64) | 0.77 | 0.97 (0.57–1.65) | 0.93 |
n/ n Events (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight change | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Weight loss | 271/22 (15.4) | 0.93 (0.58–1.47) | 0.76 | 0.95 (0.60–1.51) | 0.84 | 0.83 (0.50–1.39) | 0.49 |
Weight stable | 1196/103 (71.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Weight gain | 197/18 (12,6) | 1.17 (0.71–1.94) | 0.53 | 1.17 (0.71–1.94) | 0.52 | 1.15 (0.65–2.04) | 0.62 |
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Alharbi, T.; Ryan, J.; Freak-Poli, R.; Gasevic, D.; Scali, J.; Ritchie, K.; Ancelin, M.-L.; Owen, A.J. Objectively Assessed Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older People. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142983
Alharbi T, Ryan J, Freak-Poli R, Gasevic D, Scali J, Ritchie K, Ancelin M-L, Owen AJ. Objectively Assessed Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older People. Nutrients. 2022; 14(14):2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142983
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlharbi, Tagrid, Joanne Ryan, Rosanne Freak-Poli, Danijela Gasevic, Jacqueline Scali, Karen Ritchie, Marie-Laure Ancelin, and Alice J. Owen. 2022. "Objectively Assessed Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older People" Nutrients 14, no. 14: 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142983