Link between Omega 3 Fatty Acids Carried by Lipoproteins and Breast Cancer Severity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Lipid Analysis
- Plasma lipid measurements
- HDL and Non-HDL isolation
- EPA and DHA measurements
2.3. Cell Culture and Viability Assay
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of Cohort
Anthropometric and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients
3.2. Circulating Lipid Parameters
Cholesterol and Triglycerides
3.3. In Vitro Proliferation Studies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HR− | HR+ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ki-67 ≤ 20% (Prolif−) (n = 19) | Ki-67 ≥ 30% (Prolif+) (n = 29) | p | Ki-67 ≤ 20% (Prolif−) (n = 51) | Ki-67 ≥ 30% (Prolif+) (n = 41) | p | |
Age (years) * | 62.5 [56.0–69.0] | 54.4 [43.0–66.0] | 0.08 | 64.1 [56.0–72.5] | 56.2 [48.0–66.0] | 0.003 |
BMI (kg m−2) * | 24.7 [21.8–27.3] | 25.2 [22.2–27.1] | 0.66 | 25.4 [22.7–27.5] | 26.1 [21.9–28.8] | 0.67 |
Menopausal status ** | 17 (89%) | 21 (72%) | 0.15 | 43 (84.3%) | 24 (58.8%) | 0.006 |
Normolipidemic treatments | 3 (16%) | 4 (14%) | 0.85 | 5 (9.8%) | 5 (12%) | 0.71 |
Type of Cancer ** | 0.29 | 0.01 | ||||
Invasive Carcinoma of No Special Type (Ductal) | 16 (84%) | 28 (97%) | 51 (100%) | 36 (88%) | ||
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma | 2 (11%) | 1 (3%) | 0 | 5 (12%) | ||
Histoprognostic Grade ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Grade I | 0 | 0 | 21 (41.2%) | 0 | ||
Grade II | 17 (89%) | 3 (10.3%) | 26 (51%) | 6 (14.6%) | ||
Grade III | 2 (11%) | 26 (89.7%) | 4 (7.8%) | 35 (85.4%) | ||
HER2+ | 3 (15.8%) | 7 (24%) | 0.48 | 5 (9.8%) | 14 (34.1%) | 0.12 |
HR− | HR+ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ki-67 ≤ 20% (Prolif−) (n = 19) | Ki-67 ≥ 30% (Prolif+) (n = 29) | p | Ki-67 ≤ 20% (Prolif−) (n = 51) | Ki-67 ≥ 30% (Prolif+) (n = 41) | p | |
Plasma Cholesterol | 5.30 [4.53–5.93] | 5.25 [4.07–5.75] | 0.77 | 5.03 [4.17–5.83] | 5.36 [4.44–5.91] | 0.30 |
Plasma Triglycerides | 1.23 [0.91–1.74] | 1.11 [0.79–1.37] | 0.38 | 0.90 [0.71–125] | 0.92 [0.74–1.12] | 0.83 |
HDL Cholesterol | 1.48 [1.10–1.66] | 1.39 [1.07–1.51] | 0.14 | 1.30 [1.09–1.62] | 1.38 [1.14–1.57] | 0.30 |
Non-HDL Cholesterol | 3.90 [3.19–4.65] | 3.79 [2.82–4.46] | 0.77 | 3.57 [2.94–4.39] | 3.84 [3.17–4.50] | 0.53 |
HR− | HR+ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ki-67 ≤ 20% (n = 19) | Ki-67 ≥ 30% (n = 29) | p | Ki-67 ≤ 20% (n = 51) | Ki-67 ≥ 30% (n = 41) | p | |
Plasma EPA | 1.09 [0.85–1.83] | 1.01 [0.77–1.44] | 0.77 | 1.10 [0.84–1.44] | 1.27 [0.78–1.52] | 0.30 |
HDL EPA | 0.92 [0.67–1.35] | 0.98 [0.75–1.42] | 0.38 | 0.85 [0.72–1.42] | 1.00 [0.69–1.33] | 0.53 |
HDL EPA/Apo AI | 0.019 [0.015–0.023] | 0.018 [0.013–0.024] | 0.77 | 0.018 [0.013–0.022] | 0.019 [0.014–0.024] | 0.53 |
Non-HDL EPA | 0.18 [0.13–0.40] | 0.05 [0.02–0.07] | 0.0001 | 0.09 [0.06–0.17] | 0.1 [0.06–0.31] | 0.53 |
Non-HDL EPA/Apo B | 0.12 [0.09–0.18] | 0.02 [0.01–0.05] | 0.0001 | 0.05 [0.02–0.10] | 0.075 [0.031–0.161] | 0.53 |
Non-HDL EPA/HDL EPA | 0.20 [0.15–0.36] | 0.04 [0.02–0.08] | 0.0001 | 0.10 [0.05–0.20] | 0.13 [0.05–0.27] | 0.53 |
Plasma DHA | 29.45 [18.98–36.45] | 26.90 [19.00–35.90] | 0.77 | 27.76 [21.64–34.04] | 27.15 [20.58–35.56] | 0.83 |
HDL DHA | 27.07 [17.72–34.03] | 26.70 [17.30–35.10] | 0.77 | 26.13 [20.29–32.35] | 23.53 [19.42–33.82] | 0.83 |
HDL DHA/Apo AI | 0.50 [0.35–0.73] | 0.45 [0.34–0.61] | 0.38 | 0.46 [0.38–0.64] | 0.54 [0.37–0.63] | 0.30 |
Non-HDL DHA | 1.74 [1.09–2.43] | 1.08 [0.30–2.04] | 0.14 | 0.88 [0.45–1.50] | 1.31 [0.52–2.46] | 0.14 |
Non-HDL DHA/Apo B | 1.00 [0.73–1.69] | 0.52 [0.14–1.08] | 0.04 | 0.52 [0.22–0.82] | 0.70 [0.37–1.21] | 0.06 |
Non-HDL DHA/HDL DHA | 0.08 [0.04–0.10] | 0.04 [0.01–0.07] | 0.04 | 0.04 [0.02–0.06] | 0.05 [0.02–0.08] | 0.30 |
MDA-MB-231 Cells | MCF-7 Cells | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
β ± s.d. | p | β ± s.d. | p | |
HDL Cholesterol | 2.16 ± 8.10 | 0.80 | −3.07 ± 12.22 | 0.81 |
HDL EPA | −10.14 ± 9.18 | 0.32 | 9.46 ± 15.30 | 0.56 |
HDL EPA/HDL Apo AI | −523.92 ± 550.22 | 0.38 | 555.41 ± 889.04 | 0.56 |
HDL DHA | −0.24 ± 0.49 | 0.65 | 0.80 ± 0.70 | 0.30 |
HDL DHA/HDL Apo AI | 6.80 ± 27.21 | 0.81 | 39.27 ± 38.90 | 0.35 |
LDL Cholesterol | 2.78 ± 3.53 | 0.47 | −8.21 ± 4.36 | 0.11 |
Non-HDL EPA | −147.47 ± 65.56 | 0.07 | 121.88 ± 130.59 | 0.39 |
Non-HDL DHA | −7.62 ± 2.80 | 0.04 | 1.20 ± 6.15 | 0.85 |
Type of Studies | Type of ω-3 Fatty Acid Intake | Number of Cases | Relative Risk 50% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nest CC, CC, cohort | Highest marine n-3 PUFA intake | 16,178 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.94) | 0.002 |
CC, cohort | Marine n-3 PUFA (Diet) | 11,519 | 0.86 (0.76, 0.96) | 0.007 |
Cohort | Per 0.1 g/d increment of dietary marine n-3 PUFA | 3114 | 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) | 3.89 × 10−4 |
CC, cohort | Total n-3 PUFA | NR | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | 0.43 |
Cohort | Per 0.1% energy increment of daily dietary marine n-3 PUFA | 6344/288,626 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | 0.22 |
CC, cohort | Highest dietary fish intake | 13,323/687,770 | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 0.61 |
CC, cohort | Per 15 g/d increment of fish intake | 13,323/666,400 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.98 |
CC, cohort | Marine n-3 fatty (EPA) | NR | 0.86 (0.75–1.01) | 0.098 |
CC, cohort | Marine n-3 fatty (DHA) | NR | 0.89 (0.75, 1.05) | 0.16 |
CC, cohort | Marine n-3 fatty (DPA) | 4746/284,724 | 0.91 (0.68, 1.22) | 0.54 |
Cohort | ALA (diet) | 8274/281,756 | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 0.56 |
Cohort | Per 0.1 g/d increment of dietary ALA intake | 6310/190,451 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.54 |
Cohort | Per 0.1% energy increment of daily dietary ALA intake | 5510/171,680 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.96 |
CC, cohort | ALA (tissue biomarker and diet) | 9296/284,724 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | 0.39 |
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Bobin-Dubigeon, C.; Nazih, H.; Croyal, M.; Bard, J.-M. Link between Omega 3 Fatty Acids Carried by Lipoproteins and Breast Cancer Severity. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122461
Bobin-Dubigeon C, Nazih H, Croyal M, Bard J-M. Link between Omega 3 Fatty Acids Carried by Lipoproteins and Breast Cancer Severity. Nutrients. 2022; 14(12):2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122461
Chicago/Turabian StyleBobin-Dubigeon, Christine, Hassan Nazih, Mikael Croyal, and Jean-Marie Bard. 2022. "Link between Omega 3 Fatty Acids Carried by Lipoproteins and Breast Cancer Severity" Nutrients 14, no. 12: 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122461