Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose&ndash;Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants

Suksatan, Wanich; Moradi, Sajjad; Naeini, Fatemeh; Bagheri, Reza; Mohammadi, Hamed; Talebi, Sepide; Mehrabani, Sanaz; Hojjati Kermani, Mohammad ali; Suzuki, Katsuhiko

doi:10.3390/nu14010174

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants

^2,3,*,

⁴,

⁵

⁴,

⁴,

⁶,

Mohammad ali Hojjati Kermani

⁷ and

Katsuhiko Suzuki

^8,*

Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand

Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran 314715311, Iran

Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran

⁴

Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran

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Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran

⁶

Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran

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Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran

⁸

Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Rosa Casas

Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010174

Received: 5 December 2021 / Revised: 22 December 2021 / Accepted: 28 December 2021 / Published: 30 December 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Western Diet and Chronic Diseases)

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Abstract

We performed a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption and adult mortality risk. A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted from seven cohort studies (totaling 207,291 adults from four countries). Using a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) of pooled outcomes were estimated. Our results showed that UPF consumption was related to an enhanced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I² = 21.9%; p < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-cause mortality (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.63; I² = 0.0%; p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.85; I² = 0.0%; p = 0.022), but not cancer-cause mortality. Furthermore, our findings revealed that each 10% increase in UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 15% higher risk of all-cause mortality (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.21; I² = 0.0%; p < 0.001). The dose–response analysis revealed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and all-cause mortality (P_nonlinearity = 0.879, P_{dose–response} = p < 0.001), CVDs-cause mortality (P_nonlinearity = 0.868, P_{dose–response} = p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (P_nonlinearity = 0.774, P_{dose–response} = p < 0.001). It seems that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an enhanced risk of adult mortality. Despite this, further experimental studies are necessary to draw a more definite conclusion. View Full-Text

Keywords: ultra-processed food; mortality risk; systematic review; dose–response; meta-analysis

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Suksatan, W.; Moradi, S.; Naeini, F.; Bagheri, R.; Mohammadi, H.; Talebi, S.; Mehrabani, S.; Hojjati Kermani, M.a.; Suzuki, K. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants. Nutrients 2022, 14, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010174

AMA Style

Suksatan W, Moradi S, Naeini F, Bagheri R, Mohammadi H, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Hojjati Kermani Ma, Suzuki K. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants. Nutrients. 2022; 14(1):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010174

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suksatan, Wanich, Sajjad Moradi, Fatemeh Naeini, Reza Bagheri, Hamed Mohammadi, Sepide Talebi, Sanaz Mehrabani, Mohammad a. Hojjati Kermani, and Katsuhiko Suzuki. 2022. "Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants" Nutrients 14, no. 1: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010174

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants

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