Factors Influencing the Compliance of Pregnant Women with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in the Philippines: 2017 Philippine Demographic and Health Survey Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data and Sample
2.2. Outcome Variable
2.3. Independent Variables
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. Associations between the Characteristics of Participants and IFA Supplementation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable/Categories | Total (N = 7983) | Non-Compliant Group (N = 5927) | Compliant Group (N = 2056) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Age (years) | <0.0001 | |||
15–24 | 1957 (24.5) | 1530 (78.2) | 427 (21.8) | |
25–34 | 3804 (47.7) | 2741 (72.1) | 1063 (27.9) | |
35–49 | 2222 (27.8) | 1656 (74.5) | 566 (25.5) | |
Highest education attained | <0.0001 | |||
Primary or below | 1634 (20.5) | 1378 (84.3) | 256 (15.7) | |
Secondary | 3942 (49.4) | 2996 (76.0) | 946 (24.0) | |
Higher | 2407 (30.1) | 1553 (64.5) | 854 (35.5) | |
Occupation | <0.0001 | |||
Not working | 4098 (51.3) | 3132 (76.4) | 966 (23.6) | |
Working | 3885 (48.7) | 2795 (71.9) | 1090 (28.1) | |
Wealth Index | <0.0001 | |||
Poor | 4554 (57.0) | 3591 (78.9) | 963 (21.1) | |
Middle | 1443 (18.1) | 1091 (75.6) | 352 (24.4) | |
Rich | 1986 (24.9) | 1245 (62.7) | 741 (37.3) | |
Ethnicity | <0.0001 | |||
Non-Indigenous non-Muslim | 5436 (68.1) | 3941 (72.5) | 1495 (27.5) | |
Non-Indigenous Muslim | 414 (5.2) | 392 (94.7) | 22 (5.3) | |
Others | 2133 (26.7) | 1594 (74.7) | 539 (25.3) | |
Religion | <0.0001 | |||
Christianity | 7031 (88.1) | 5061 (72.0) | 1970 (28.0) | |
Islam | 788 (9.9) | 735 (93.3) | 53 (6.7) | |
Others or none | 164 (2.0) | 131 (79.9) | 33 (20.1) | |
Residence | 0.534 | |||
Urban | 2600 (32.6) | 1919 (73.8) | 681 (26.2) | |
Rural | 5383 (67.4) | 4008 (74.5) | 1375 (25.5) | |
Number of pregnancies | <0.0001 | |||
1 | 1992 (25.0) | 1422 (71.4) | 570 (28.6) | |
2 | 1992 (25.0) | 1441 (72.3) | 551 (27.7) | |
3 | 1504 (18.8) | 1111 (73.9) | 393 (26.1) | |
≥4 | 2495 (31.2) | 1953 (78.3) | 542 (21.7) | |
Timing of first ANC visit | <0.0001 | |||
Don’t know | 317 (4.0) | 306 (96.5) | 11 (3.5) | |
First trimester | 5290 (66.3) | 3497 (66.1) | 1793 (33.9) | |
Second or third trimester | 2376 (29.8) | 2124 (89.4) | 252 (10.6) | |
Number of ANC visits | <0.0001 | |||
<4 ANC visit | 1280 (16.0) | 1201 (93.8) | 79 (6.2) | |
≥4 ANC visits | 6703 (84.0) | 4726 (70.5) | 1977 (29.5) |
Variables/Categories | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
Age | ||
15–24 R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
25–34 | 1.39 (1.22–1.58) | 1.26 (1.08–1.46) ** |
35–49 | 1.22 (1.06–1.41) | 1.20 (0.99–1.44) |
Highest education attained | ||
Primary or below R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Secondary | 1.70 (1.46–1.98) | 1.26 (1.07–1.49) ** |
Higher | 2.96 (2.53–3.46) | 1.72 (1.42–2.09) *** |
Occupation | ||
Not working R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Working | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) | 0.99 (0.88–1.10) |
Wealth Index | ||
Poor R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.20 (1.05–1.38) | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) |
Rich | 2.22 (1.98–2.49) | 1.40 (1.21–1.63) *** |
Ethnicity | ||
Non-Indigenous non-Muslim | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) * |
Non-Indigenous Muslim | 0.17 (0.11–0.26) | 0.55 (0.31–0.95) * |
Others R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Religion | ||
Christianity R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Islam | 0.19 (0.14–0.25) | 0.36 (0.25–0.52) *** |
Others or none | 0.65 (0.44–0.95) | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) |
Residence | ||
Urban R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Rural | 0.98 (0.87–1.08) | 1.30 (1.15–1.46) *** |
Number of pregnancies | ||
1 R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
2 | 0.95 (0.83–1.10) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) |
3 | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) |
≥4 | 0.69 (0.60–0.79) | 0.88 (0.74–1.06) |
Timing of first ANC visit | ||
Don’t know | 0.30 (0.16–0.56) | 1.02 (0.53–1.98) |
First trimester | 4.32 (3.75–4.98) | 3.30 (2.85–3.83) *** |
Second or third trimester R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Number of ANC Visit | ||
<4 ANC visit R | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥4 ANC visits | 6.36 (5.03–8.03) | 2.71 (2.08–3.52) *** |
Wealth Index | Non-Compliant Group | Compliant Group | AOR # | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Poor, n = 4554 | ||||
Urban R | 716 (83.4) | 142 (16.6) | 1.00 | |
Rural | 2875 (77.8) | 821 (22.2) | 1.56 * | 1.27–1.92 |
Middle, n = 1443 | ||||
Urban R | 487 (77.8) | 139 (22.2) | 1.00 | |
Rural | 604 (73.9) | 213 (26.1) | 1.17 | 0.90–1.51 |
Rich, n = 1986 | ||||
Urban R | 716 (64.2) | 400 (35.8) | 1.00 | |
Rural | 529 (60.8) | 341 (39.2) | 1.22 | 0.99–1.48 |
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Felipe-Dimog, E.B.; Yu, C.-H.; Ho, C.-H.; Liang, F.-W. Factors Influencing the Compliance of Pregnant Women with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in the Philippines: 2017 Philippine Demographic and Health Survey Analysis. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3060. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093060
Felipe-Dimog EB, Yu C-H, Ho C-H, Liang F-W. Factors Influencing the Compliance of Pregnant Women with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in the Philippines: 2017 Philippine Demographic and Health Survey Analysis. Nutrients. 2021; 13(9):3060. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093060
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelipe-Dimog, Eva Belingon, Chia-Hung Yu, Chung-Han Ho, and Fu-Wen Liang. 2021. "Factors Influencing the Compliance of Pregnant Women with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in the Philippines: 2017 Philippine Demographic and Health Survey Analysis" Nutrients 13, no. 9: 3060. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093060
APA StyleFelipe-Dimog, E. B., Yu, C. -H., Ho, C. -H., & Liang, F. -W. (2021). Factors Influencing the Compliance of Pregnant Women with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in the Philippines: 2017 Philippine Demographic and Health Survey Analysis. Nutrients, 13(9), 3060. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093060