Edible Insects versus Meat—Nutritional Comparison: Knowledge of Their Composition Is the Key to Good Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Edible Insects Species Selection
2.2. Meat Species Selection
2.3. Data Quality
2.4. Dietary Indicators
2.5. Nutritional Quality Index
2.6. Ethical Statement
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group of Insects | Order | Number of Species | Number of Recorded Edible Insect Species per Group in the World | Percent of Recorded Edible Insect Species per Group in the World |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beetles | Coleoptera | 370,000 | 659 | 31.2 |
Caterpillars | Lepidoptera | 165,000 | 362 | 17.1 |
Ants, Bees, Wasps | Hymenoptera | 198,000 | 321 | 15.2 |
Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets | Orthoptera | 20,000 | 278 | 13.2 |
True bugs | Hemiptera | 82,000 | 237 | 11.2 |
Dragonflies | Odonata | 5500 | 61 | 2.9 |
Termites | Isoptera | 2750 | 59 | 2.8 |
Flies | Diptera | 122,000 | 37 | 1.8 |
Cockroaches | Blattodea | 4000 | 37 | 1.8 |
Spiders | Araneae | 40,000 | 15 | 0.7 |
Others | - | 33,164 + | 45 | 2.1 |
Basic Nutrients Species | Energy (kcal/100 g) | Protein (g/100 g) | Fat (g/100 g) | Fiber (g/100 g) | Cholesterol (mg/100 g) | INQ Values for Protein * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acheta domesticus A [28,29,44] | 153 | 20.5 | 5.06 | 4.6 | 98.5 | 6.73 |
Acheta domesticus L [30,43,44,45] | 137.5 | 15.4–17.5 | 4.4–7.9 | 2.3 | - | 6.13 |
Gryllus bimaculatus A [5,35,36] | 120 | 15.75 | 5.5–5.75 | 3.4 | 195 | 6.72 |
Tenebrio molitor A [5,30,45] | 178 | 24.13 | 6.14 | 7.4 | 6.94 | |
Tenebrio molitor L [29,43,45,46] | 247 | 25.0 | 12.91 | 3.52 | 51.3 | 5.18 |
Zophobas morio L [43] | 206.9 | 18.6 | 14.4 | 3.78 | 45 | 4.60 |
Gonimbrasia belina L [28,35] | 161 | 35.2 | 15.2 | - | - | 11.20 |
Bombyx mori L [5,35,45] | 171.27–229 | 17.9–23.1 | 4.26–5.0 | 1.0–22.22 | - | 5.72 |
Pyralidae L [35,43,44,45] | 274.7 | 16.1 | 24.9 | 2.1–3.4 | 75.3 | 3.00 |
Mutton leg | 196.56 | 15.12 | 15.12 | - | 65.52 | 3.94 |
Veal leg | 85.32 | 15.72 | 2.45 | - | 56.09 | 9.44 |
Horse meat | 109 | 21.5 | 2.5 | - | 75 | 10.10 |
Pork shoulder | 13.2 | 16.89 | 7.05 | - | 50.02 | 6.59 |
Beef sirloin | 112 | 20.1 | 3.5 | - | 59 | 9.19 |
Rabbit carcass | 123.24 | 16.59 | 6.32 | - | 51.35 | 6.89 |
Goose carcass | 140.63 | 5.78 | 13.04 | - | 32.8 | 2.11 |
Duck carcass | 199.04 | 8.64 | 18.30 | - | 48.64 | 2.22 |
Turkey breast | 83 | 19.2 | 0.7 | - | 49 | 11.85 |
Turkey drumstick | 100 | 16.6 | 3.7 | - | 81 | 8.50 |
Chicken breast | 98 | 21.5 | 1.3 | - | 58 | 11.24 |
Chicken drumstick | 125 | 17.8 | 6 | - | 84 | 7.29 |
Essential Amino Acids | Non-Essential Amino Acids | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Ile | Leu | Lys | Mth | Tryp | Phe | His | Thre | Val | Arg | Cys | Tyr | Ala | Aa | Ga | Gly | Pro | Ser |
Acheta domesticus A [44,47] | 940 | 2050 | 1100 | 300 | 130 | 650 | 480 | 740 | 1070 | 1250 | 170 | 1000 | 1800 | 1720 | 2150 | 1040 | 1150 | 1020 |
Acheta domesticus L [43,45] | 710 | 1270 | 1090 | 274 | 144 | 587 | 450 | 680 | 1050 | 1360 | 160 | 1100 | 1770 | 1390 | 2050 | 1060 | 1070 | 750 |
Gryllus bimaculatus A [47] | 920 | 1650 | 1140 | 350 | 220 | 740 | 520 | 810 | 1360 | 1140 | 160 | 1170 | 1930 | 1970 | 2440 | 1240 | 1250 | 1050 |
Tenebrio molitor A [44] | 1030 | 1960 | 1050 | 300 | 260 | 620 | 680 | 810 | 1500 | 1020 | 140 | 790 | 1810 | 1660 | 2280 | 2000 | 1500 | 980 |
Tenebrio molitor L [28,43,44] | 835 | 1400 | 1070 | 400 | 216 | 654 | 559 | 770 | 1280 | 1380 | 163 | 1370 | 1640 | 1520 | 2130 | 1040 | 1300 | 960 |
Zophobas mori L [35,43] | 881 | 1360 | 1070 | 255 | 203 | 740 | 600 | 780 | 1230 | 1290 | 175 | 1310 | 1440 | 1620 | 2440 | 950 | 1060 | 812 |
Gonimbrasia belina L [28,35,48] | 1300 | 1830 | 1460 | 410 | 480 | 1350 | 600 | 1840 | 1120 | 2410 | 110 | 974 | 1300 | 2234 | 4120 | 1100 | 876 | 1210 |
Bombyx mori L [35,45] | 290 | 430 | 440 | 110 | 60 | 250 | 260 | 250 | 350 | 380 | 80 | 300 | 360 | 610 | 900 | 510 | 310 | 340 |
Pyralidae L [35,45] | 670 | 1240 | 920 | 440 | 140 | 600 | 360 | 590 | 840 | 820 | 210 | 880 | 1150 | 1490 | 1950 | 930 | 1240 | 1240 |
Mutton leg | 773 | 1195 | 1267 | 381 | 196 | 621 | 425 | 727 | 785 | 1068 | 198 | 512 | 1026 | 1362 | 2289 | 919 | 725 | 650 |
Veal leg | 826 | 1293 | 1349 | 413 | 174 | 660 | 551 | 688 | 853 | 1074 | 137 | 578 | 991 | 1514 | 2311 | 881 | 743 | 688 |
Horsemeat | 1457 | 2129 | 2240 | 627 | 226 | 853 | 627 | 874 | 1122 | 1613 | 292 | 829 | 1212 | 1860 | 2735 | 964 | 896 | 943 |
Pork shoulder | 821 | 1432 | 1483 | 487 | 235 | 699 | 584 | 966 | 927 | 1085 | 207 | 622 | 1064 | 1540 | 2542 | 921 | 659 | 620 |
Beef sirloin | 997 | 1680 | 1844 | 560 | 232 | 911 | 706 | 951 | 1038 | 1309 | 265 | 746 | 1210 | 1862 | 3165 | 1007 | 783 | 835 |
Rabbit carcass | 825 | 1277 | 1462 | 452 | 186 | 771 | 426 | 717 | 851 | 1063 | 213 | 611 | 1010 | 1595 | 2738 | 851 | 851 | 691 |
Goose carcass | 264 | 493 | 515 | 144 | 84 | 254 | 162 | 268 | 287 | 390 | 41 | 206 | 365 | 547 | 917 | 357 | 257 | 232 |
Duck carcass | 391 | 611 | 686 | 214 | 95 | 329 | 250 | 370 | 479 | 580 | 104 | 280 | 589 | 752 | 1445 | 656 | 438 | 372 |
Turkey breast | 915 | 1419 | 2015 | 522 | 248 | 703 | 537 | 994 | 953 | 1237 | 121 | 618 | 1191 | 1901 | 3246 | 941 | 813 | 826 |
Turkey drumstick | 797 | 1233 | 1758 | 452 | 217 | 607 | 468 | 865 | 826 | 1065 | 105 | 536 | 1029 | 1647 | 2823 | 775 | 681 | 717 |
Chicken breast | 1251 | 1579 | 2022 | 631 | 360 | 772 | 941 | 911 | 1345 | 321 | 279 | 735 | 1441 | 2157 | 3505 | 1334 | 1028 | 886 |
Chicken drumstick | 982 | 1240 | 1590 | 497 | 283 | 606 | 739 | 715 | 1057 | 1154 | 220 | 578 | 1134 | 1694 | 2756 | 1049 | 809 | 697 |
Mutton Leg | Veal Leg | Horse Meat | Pork Shoulder | Beef Sirloin | Rabbit Carcass | Goose Carcass | Duck Carcass | Turkey Breast | Turkey Drumstick | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SFA | 7.41 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 2.74 | 1.68 | 2.59 | 3.00 | 4.73 | 0.22 | 1.12 |
C 10:0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C 12:0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C 14:0 | 0.76 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
C 15:0 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 |
C 16:0 | 3.40 | 0.53 | 0.64 | 1.57 | 0.88 | 1.79 | 2.21 | 3.55 | 0.16 | 0.82 |
C 17:0 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 |
C 18:0 | 2.94 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 1.05 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 0.71 | 0.91 | 0.05 | 0.26 |
C 20:0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
MUFA | 5.80 | 0.99 | 0.82 | 3.26 | 1.51 | 1.24 | 6.45 | 9.66 | 0.33 | 1.65 |
C 14:1 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 |
C 15:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C 16:1 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.58 | 0.79 | 0.04 | 0.2 |
C 17:1 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 |
C 18:1 | 5.37 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 3.08 | 1.26 | 1.11 | 5.76 | 8.64 | 0.28 | 1.42 |
C 20:1 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
C 22:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
PUFA | 0.73 | 0.13 | 0.62 | 0.58 | 0.11 | 2.03 | 2.68 | 2.64 | 0.15 | 0.77 |
C 18:2 | 0.35 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 1.25 | 2.22 | 2.48 | 0.13 | 0.63 |
C 18:3 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0.46 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
C 20:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 |
C 20:4 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
C 20:5 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 |
PUFA/SFA | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.70 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.78 | 0.89 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.69 |
PUFA n-3 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
PUFA n-6 | 0.38 | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 1.36 | 2.22 | 2.50 | 0.14 | 0.7 |
PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 | 1.07 | 3.0 | 1.07 | 7.88 | 2.67 | 2.02 | 4.84 | 17.73 | 14.0 | 10.0 |
AI | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.81 | 0.74 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.42 | 0.40 |
TI | 1.40 | 1.01 | 0.37 | 1.23 | 1.27 | 0.66 | 0.50 | 0.69 | 0.65 | 0.75 |
h/H | 1.47 | 1.56 | 1.71 | 2.20 | 1.38 | 1.61 | 3.72 | 3.11 | 2.53 | 2.55 |
Acheta domesticus A [29,35,44] | Acheta domesticus L [43,44,45] | Tenebrio molitor L [30,35,44,45] | Zophobas morio L [35,43,44] | Gonimbrasia belina L [49] | Galleria mellonella L [43,44] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SFA | 2.28 | 2.51 | 2.32 | 5.15 | 4.9 | 6.48 |
C 10:0 | 0.011 | 0.007 | - | 0.01 | - | 0.01 |
C 12:0 | <0.02 | 0.007 | <0.02 | 0.01 | <0.1 | <0.01 |
C 14:0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.17 | <0.1 | 0.04 |
C 15:0 | <0.02 | 0.01 | <0.02 | 0.04 | - | <0.01 |
C 16:0 | 1.56 | 1.72 | 2.29 | 3.59 | 3.2 | 5.97 |
C 17:0 | 0.02 | 0.02 | <0.02 | 0.075 | - | 0.01 |
C 18:0 | 0.58 | 0.65 | 0.39 | 1.15 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
C 20:0 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | <0.1 | 0.02 |
MUFA | 1.694 | 1.77 | 2.51 | 4.46 | 1.7 | 8.35 |
C 14:1 | 0.02 | - | - | 0.01 | - | <0.01 |
C 15:1 | - | 0.01 | - | 0.01 | - | <0.01 |
C 16:1 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 0.14 | 0.1 | 0.40 |
C 17:1 | <0.01 | 0,007 | 0.03 | 0.01 | - | <0.01 |
C 18:1 | 1.54 | 1.64 | 5.39 | 4.28 | 1.6 | 7.90 |
C 20:1 | 0.02 | 0.01 | - | 0.02 | - | 0.01 |
C 22:1 | 0.014 | 0.007 | - | 0.01 | - | <0.01 |
PUFA | 2.43 | 4.28 | 5.85 | 5.46 | 5.4 | 1.88 |
C 18:2 n-6 | 2.29 | 2.07 | - | 2.64 | 1.6 | 1.76 |
C 18:3 n-3 | 0.06 | 0.35 | - | 0.38 | 3.7 | 0.11 |
C 20:3 n-6 | 0.02 | 0.01 | - | 0.01 | - | <0.01 |
C 20:5 n-3 | 0.06 | 0.04 | - | 0.03 | - | 0.03 |
PUFA/SFA | 1.07 | 1.70 | 2.52 | 1.06 | 1.10 | 0.28 |
PUFA n-3 | 0.12 | 0.39 | - | 0.41 | 3.7 | 0.14 |
PUFA n-6 | 2.31 | 2.08 | - | 2.65 | 1.6 | 1.77 |
PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 | 19.25 | 5.33 | 18.44 | 6.46 | 0.43 | 12.64 |
AI | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.53 | 0.60 |
TI | 0.90 | 0.74 | 0.26 | 0.99 | 0.39 | 1.17 |
h/H | 2.45 | 2.30 | 3.82 | 1.95 | 2.0 | 1.63 |
Minerals Species | Na | K | Ca | P | Mg | Fe | Zn | Cu | Mn | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acheta domesticus A [28,29,35,43,44] | 163–178 | 347–390 | 99.6 | 899.3 | 55.1 | 5.46–8.83 | 6.71–11.0 | 0.62 | 1.15 | 0.15 |
Acheta domesticus L [43,44] | 110.0 | 285.0 | 36.6 | 219.0 | 22.6 | 2.12 | 6.8 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 0.028 |
Gryllus bimaculatus A [35,36] | 88.84 | 321.71 | 105.14 | 702.02 | 72.94 | 9.5 | 14.39 | 3.86 | 3.4 | - |
Tenebrio molitor A [30,35,44] | 66.0 | 368.0 | 24.2 | 295.0 | 69 | 2,87 | 4.86 | 0.75 | 0.46 | 0.022 |
Tenebrio molitor L [29,30,35,43,44] | 53.7 | 337.0 | 42.9 | 264–368 | 62–92 | 2.47 | 4.33–4.95 | 0.83 | 0.32 | 0.02 |
Zophobas morio L [35,43,44] | 38.5 | 286.0 | 26.2 | 209.0 | 43.5 | 1.99 | 3.02 | 0.36 | 0.37 | <0.01 |
Gonimbrasia belina L [35,50] | 1024.0 | 1032.0 | 174.0 | 543.0 | 160 | 51.06 | 17.95 | 0.91 | 3.95 | - |
Bombyx mori L [35,44] | 47.5 | 316–391 | 49.8–72.2 | 172–237 | 56.9–78.3 | 2.23 | 3.07 | 0.36 | 0.39 | <0.01 |
Pyralidae L [35,44] | 9.21–16.5 | 221.0 | 24.3 | 157–457 | 34.3 | 2.94 | 3.0 | 0.38 | 0.13 | <0.01 |
Mutton leg | 65.5 | 319.2 | 8.4 | 178.9 | 19.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.025 |
Veal leg | 101.1 | 194.3 | 7.9 | 126.4 | 12.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.017 |
Horse meat | 46.0 | 345.0 | 15.0 | 200.0 | 24.0 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.018 |
Pork shoulder | 50.0 | 293.6 | 4.1 | 130.4 | 15.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.008 |
Beef sirloin | 52.0 | 382.0 | 4.0 | 212.0 | 26.0 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.008 |
Rabbit carcass | 34.0 | 304.2 | 15.0 | 144.6 | 20.5 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0 |
Goose carcass | 19.7 | 99.6 | 2.1 | 62.3 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.003 |
Duck carcass | 42.2 | 154.9 | 5.1 | 95.4 | 9.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.008 |
Turkey breast | 47.0 | 460.0 | 2.0 | 238.0 | 35.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.007 |
Turkey drumstick | 96.0 | 364.0 | 8.0 | 214.0 | 27.0 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0 |
Chicken breast | 55.0 | 385.0 | 5.0 | 240.0 | 33.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0 |
Chicken drumstick | 91.0 | 334.0 | 8.0 | 215.0 | 26.0 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0 |
DRNI* Species | Na 1500 mg | K 3500 mg | Ca 1000 mg | P 700 mg | Mg 320 mg | Fe 18 mg | Zn 8 mg | Cu 0.9 mg | Mn 1.8 mg | I 150 µg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acheta domesticus A | 1.56 | 1.44 | 1.37 | 17.63 | 2.36 | 5.45 | 18.87 | 9.46 | 8.77 | 0.01 |
Acheta domesticus L | 1.12 | 1.24 | 0.56 | 4.78 | 1.08 | 1.80 | 31.48 | 7.51 | 7.55 | 0.00 |
Gryllus bimaculatus A | 1.04 | 1.61 | 1.84 | 17.55 | 3.99 | 6.96 | 12.98 | 8.65 | 33.06 | 0.00 |
Tenebrio molitor A | 0.52 | 1.24 | 0.29 | 4.97 | 2.54 | 1.88 | 7.17 | 9.83 | 2.99 | 0.01 |
Tenebrio molitor L | 0.30 | 0.82 | 0.36 | 4.00 | 2.05 | 1.17 | 4.93 | 7.84 | 1.51 | 0.00 |
Zophobas morio L | 0.26 | 0.83 | 0.27 | 3.03 | 1.38 | 1.12 | 3.83 | 4.06 | 2.09 | 0.00 |
Gonimbrasia belina L | 8.90 | 3.85 | 2.27 | 10.12 | 6.52 | 37.00 | 29.27 | 13.19 | 28.62 | 0.00 |
Bombyx mori L | 0.37 | 1.19 | 0.72 | 3.43 | 2.48 | 1.46 | 4.51 | 4.70 | 2.55 | 0.00 |
Pyralidae L | 0.07 | 0.48 | 0.19 | 2.95 | 0.82 | 1.25 | 2.87 | 3.23 | 0.55 | 0.00 |
Mutton leg | 0.47 | 0.97 | 0.09 | 2.73 | 0.65 | 1.35 | 3.59 | 0.60 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
Veal leg | 1.66 | 1.37 | 0.19 | 4.44 | 0.97 | 2.59 | 4.98 | 4.32 | 0.32 | 0.29 |
Horse meat | 0.59 | 1.90 | 0.29 | 5.50 | 1.44 | 3.75 | 6.50 | 3.00 | 0.11 | 0.23 |
Pork shoulder | 0.53 | 1.34 | 0.07 | 2.98 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 4.40 | 1.02 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
Beef sirloin | 0.65 | 2.05 | 0.08 | 5.68 | 1.52 | 3.23 | 6.87 | 2.08 | 0.42 | 0.10 |
Rabbit carcass | 0.39 | 1.48 | 0.26 | 3.52 | 1.09 | 1.94 | 3.69 | 2.24 | 0.30 | 0.00 |
Goose carcass | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 1.33 | 0.34 | 0.82 | 1.27 | 1.16 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
Duck carcass | 0.30 | 0.47 | 0.05 | 1.44 | 0.30 | 0.79 | 1.20 | 1.05 | 0.11 | 0.05 |
Turkey breast | 0.79 | 3.33 | 0.05 | 8.60 | 2.77 | 0.70 | 2.63 | 1.12 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
Turkey drumstick | 1.34 | 2.18 | 0.17 | 6.42 | 1.77 | 1.40 | 7.43 | 1.87 | 0.23 | 0.00 |
Chicken breast | 0.79 | 2.36 | 0.11 | 7.35 | 2.21 | 0.48 | 1.31 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
Chicken drumstick | 1.02 | 1.60 | 0.13 | 5.16 | 1.37 | 0.65 | 2.94 | 1.49 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
Vitamins Species | A (µg/100 g) | E (mg/100 g) | B1 (mg/100 g) | B2 (mg/100 g) | PP (mg/100 g) | B6 (mg/100 g) | B12 (µg/100 g) | C (mg/100 g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acheta domesticus A [28,29,44] | 6.53 | 2.26 | 0.04 | 3.41 | 3.84 | 0.23 | 0.53 | 3.0 |
Acheta domesticus L [28,43,44] | <30 | 0.64 | 0.24 | 1.66 | 3.28 | 0.17 | 0.87 | 1.8 |
Gryllus bimaculatus A [36] | - | - | 0.36 | 1.91 | 3.10 | - | - | - |
Tenebrio molitor A [35,44] | <30 | <0.34 | 0.1 | 0.85 | 5.64 | 0.81 | 0.56 | 5.4 |
Tenebrio molitor L [28,29,43,44,45] | 16.9–29.0 | 1.31–1.9 | 0.18 | 0.81–1.21 | 4.07–4.65 | 0.81 | 0.47 | 1.8–9.9 |
Zophobas morio L [43,44] | <30 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 1.12 | 3.53 | 0.32 | 0.99 | 1.2–10.1 |
Bombyx mori L [44] | 47.4 | 0.59 | 0.33 | 0.94 | 2.63 | 0.16 | 0.01 | <1.0 |
Pyralidae L [44] | <30 | 0.89 | 0.23 | 0.73 | 3.75 | 0.13 | 0.12 | <1.0 |
Mutton leg | 44.52 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 4,37 | 0.13 | 0.84 | 0 |
Veal leg | 23.70 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 5.14 | 0.24 | 1.03 | 0 |
Horse meat | 30.00 | 0.52 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 4.50 | 0.50 | 3.10 | 0 |
Pork shoulder | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.49 | 0.23 | 4.86 | 0.25 | 0.57 | 0 |
Beef sirloin | 11.00 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 5.54 | 0.25 | 1.40 | 0 |
Rabbit carcass | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 5.53 | 0.47 | 7.90 | 0 |
Goose carcass | 12.30 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 2.62 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0 |
Duck carcass | 15.36 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 2.21 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0 |
Turkey breast | 9.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 4.92 | 0.59 | 0.70 | 0 |
Turkey drumstick | 20.00 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 3.26 | 0.30 | 1.70 | 0 |
Chicken breast | 6.00 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 12.44 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 0 |
Chicken drumstick | 20.00 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 3.06 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0 |
DRNI* Species | Vit. A 700 µg | Vit. E 8 mg | Vit. B1 1.1 mg | Vit. B2 1.1 mg | Vit. PP 14 mg | Vit. B6 1.3 mg | Vit. B12 2.4 µm | Vit. C 75 mg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acheta domesticus A | 128.04 | 3.88 | 0.50 | 42.55 | 3.76 | 2.43 | 3.03 | 0.55 |
Acheta domesticus L | 654.55 | 1.22 | 3.33 | 23.05 | 3.58 | 2.00 | 5.54 | 0.37 |
Gryllus bimaculatus A | - | - | 5.73 | 30.39 | 3.88 | - | - | - |
Tenebrio molitor A | 505.62 | 0.50 | 1.07 | 9.12 | 4.75 | 7.35 | 2.75 | 0.85 |
Tenebrio molitor L | 278.74 | 1.71 | 1.39 | 7.42 | 2.59 | 5.30 | 1.68 | 0.49 |
Zophobas morio L | 434.99 | 0.22 | 1.57 | 10.33 | 2.56 | 2.50 | 4.19 | 0.76 |
Bombyx mori L | 795.48 | 0.87 | 3.52 | 10.04 | 2.21 | - | 0.59 | 0.16 |
Pyralidae L | 327.63 | 0.85 | 1.60 | 5.07 | 2.05 | 1.45 | 0.38 | 0.10 |
Mutton leg | 679.49 | 0.37 | 1.31 | 1.79 | 3.33 | 0.76 | 3.74 | 0 |
Veal leg | 833.33 | 0.73 | 3.18 | 4.95 | 9.03 | 1.10 | 10.53 | 0 |
Horse meat | 825.69 | 1.25 | 2.45 | 4.73 | 6.19 | 4.49 | 24.89 | 0 |
Pork shoulder | 0 | 0.66 | 7.17 | 3.29 | 5.56 | 7.41 | 3.83 | 0 |
Beef sirloin | 294.64 | 0.47 | 1.99 | 4.40 | 7.42 | 3.03 | 10.94 | 0 |
Rabbit carcass | 0 | 0.22 | 0.37 | 0.73 | 6.73 | 3.61 | 56.09 | 0 |
Goose carcass | 262.39 | 0.15 | 0.67 | 0.18 | 2.80 | 6.11 | 0.77 | 0 |
Duck carcass | 231.51 | 0.17 | 1.09 | 1.39 | 1.66 | 2.73 | 0.56 | 0 |
Turkey breast | 325.30 | 0.06 | 0.83 | 3.45 | 8.89 | 0.52 | 7.38 | 0 |
Turkey drumstick | 600.00 | 0.05 | 1.49 | 4.07 | 4.89 | 11.48 | 14.88 | 0 |
Chicken breast | 183.67 | 0.80 | 1.75 | 2.98 | 19.04 | 4.85 | 3.57 | 0 |
Chicken drumstick | 480.00 | 0.63 | 1.22 | 3.76 | 3.67 | 9.07 | 2.80 | 0 |
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Orkusz, A. Edible Insects versus Meat—Nutritional Comparison: Knowledge of Their Composition Is the Key to Good Health. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041207
Orkusz A. Edible Insects versus Meat—Nutritional Comparison: Knowledge of Their Composition Is the Key to Good Health. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041207
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrkusz, Agnieszka. 2021. "Edible Insects versus Meat—Nutritional Comparison: Knowledge of Their Composition Is the Key to Good Health" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041207