Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Composition of ISP with Green Tea
2.2. Animals and Experimental Design
2.3. Resistance Training Intervention and Test
2.4. Forelimb Grip Strength
2.5. Exercise Endurance Test
2.6. Determination of Fatigue-Associated Biochemical Variables
2.7. Body Composition, Glycogen Content and Histological Staining of Tissue
2.8. Haematological Assessment
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Body Weight Dietary and Water Record
3.2. Effect of ISPG and RT on Grip Strength
3.3. Effect of ISPG and RT on Swimming Endurance Test
3.4. Effect of ISPG and RT on Muscle Strength and Muscular Endurance Test
3.5. Effect of ISPG and RT on Fatigue Indexes by 15 Min Exercise Challenge
3.6. Effects of ISPG and RT on Body Composition
3.7. Effects of ISPG and RT on Liver and Muscular Storage
3.8. Effects of ISPG and RT on Clinical Biochemistries
3.9. Effects of ISPG and RT on Histological Observation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nutrients | Content/100 g ISPG |
---|---|
Protein | 60.4 g |
Fat | 2.0 g |
Total amount of saturated fatty acids | 0.5 g |
Carbohydrate | 33.5 g |
Total dietary fiber | 3.0 g |
Sodium | 545 mg |
Total calories | 383.4 kcal |
BCAA | g/100 g ISPG |
Leucine | 2.7 |
Isoleucine | 2.9 |
Valine | 3.0 |
0.46 g total catechin/100 g ISPG | mg/100 g ISPG |
Catechin Gallate (CG) | - |
Catechin (CT) | - |
Epicatechin gallate (ECG) | 1.79 |
Epicatechin (EC) | 1.47 |
Epigallocatechin gallate | 21.39 |
Epigallocatechin (EGC) | 16.70 |
Gallocatechin (GCG) | - |
Gallocatechin (GC) | 1.01 |
Isoflavones | mg/100 g ISPG |
Daidzin | 3.75 |
Daidzein | 5.00 |
Genistin | 11.25 |
Genistein | 10.00 |
p Values for Two-Way ANOVA | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Control +Sed | ISPG +Sed | Control +RT | ISPG +RT | Main Effect of RT | Main Effect of ISPG | Interaction (RT × ISPG) |
Initial BW (g) | 30.14 ± 0.38 | 30.24 ± 0.27 | 30.11 ± 0.42 | 30.29 ± 0.42 | 0.9740 | 0.7180 | 0.9220 |
Final BW (g) | 37.28 ± 0.41 | 37.26 ± 0.81 | 37.65 ± 1.15 | 37.34 ± 0.25 | 0.7650 | 0.8290 | 0.8420 |
Food intake (g) | 7.49 ± 0.31 | 6.95 ± 0.23 | 7.81 ± 0.30 | 6.99 ± 0.28 | 0.5220 | 0.0160 * | 0.6150 |
Water intake (mL) | 7.72 ± 0.09 ab | 6.95 ± 0.05 a | 7.76 ± 0.08 ab | 7.91 ± 0.10 b | 0.0050* | 0.6180 | 0.0250 * |
Tissue weight (g) | |||||||
Liver | 2.06 ± 0.05 | 2.07 ± 0.09 | 2.17 ± 0.06 | 2.07 ± 0.07 | 0.4250 | 0.5430 | 0.4660 |
Gastrocnemius muscle | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.01 | 0.40 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.01 | 0.4730 | 0.5260 | 0.8990 |
Quadriceps | 0.48 ± 0.02 a | 0.53 ± 0.01 a | 0.54 ± 0.02 a | 0.55 ± 0.01 b | 0.0220 * | 0.0360 * | 0.2890 |
Heart | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.00 | 0.8440 | 0.5560 | 0.5560 |
Lung | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.5030 | 0.9110 | 0.5770 |
Kidney | 0.75 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | 0.78 ± 0.03 | 0.75 ± 0.03 | 0.8930 | 0.8620 | 0.2940 |
EFP | 0.51 ± 0.04 b | 0.34 ± 0.05 a | 0.31 ± 0.03 a | 0.33 ± 0.03 a | 0.0130 * | 0.0620 | 0.0190 * |
BAT | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.4820 | 0.4820 | 0.4820 |
Relative tissue weight (%) | |||||||
Liver | 5.53 ± 0.14 | 5.54 ± 0.18 | 5.78 ± 0.17 | 5.55 ± 0.17 | 0.4160 | 0.5150 | 0.4690 |
Gastrocnemius muscle | 1.04 ± 0.04 | 1.06 ± 0.03 | 1.05 ± 0.03 | 1.09 ± 0.04 | 0.4880 | 0.4070 | 0.8350 |
Quadriceps | 1.28 ± 0.06 a | 1.43 ± 0.02 b | 1.42 ± 0.03 b | 1.48 ± 0.04 b | 0.0150 * | 0.0130 * | 0.2780 |
Heart | 0.50 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 0.9760 | 0.6140 | 0.5730 |
Lung | 0.61 ± 0.04 | 0.63 ± 0.02 | 0.65 ± 0.03 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.5770 | 0.9050 | 0.6610 |
Kidney | 2.00 ± 0.07 | 2.11 ± 0.06 | 2.07 ± 0.08 | 2.01 ± 0.08 | 0.8230 | 0.7570 | 0.2350 |
EFP | 1.37 ± 0.09 b | 0.89 ± 0.12 a | 0.83 ± 0.08 a | 0.89 ± 0.07 a | 0.0070 * | 0.0370 * | 0.0070 * |
BAT | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.4820 | 0.4820 | 0.5260 |
p Values for Two-Way ANOVA | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Control +Sed | ISPG +Sed | Control +RT | ISPG +RT | Main Effect of RT | Main Effect of ISPG | Interaction (RT×ISPG) |
AST (U/L) | 66 ± 4 | 68 ± 2 | 67 ± 3 | 67 ± 5 | 0.9210 | 0.7670 | 0.8690 |
ALT (U/L) | 56 ± 3 | 55 ± 3 | 53.5 ± 3 | 52 ± 3 | 0.1980 | 0.5280 | 0.8660 |
TC (mg/dL) | 132 ± 3 | 130 ± 3 | 132 ± 5 | 128 ± 6 | 0.8950 | 0.4720 | 0.8250 |
TG (mg/dL) | 130 ± 4 | 128 ± 4 | 127 ± 4 | 117 ± 4 | 0.0900 | 0.1770 | 0.3190 |
CK (U/L) | 80 ± 5 | 81 ± 7 | 82 ± 4 | 83 ± 5 | 0.7020 | 0.8110 | 0.9620 |
LDH (U/L) | 427 ± 37 | 511 ± 45 | 390 ± 41 | 373 ± 43 | 0.0440 * | 0.4270 | 0.2299 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 27.5 ± 0.6 a | 33.8 ± 1.5 b | 27.7 ± 0.8 a | 31.9 ± 0.9 b | 0.3980 | <0.0001 * | 0.2790 |
CREA (mg/dL) | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 0.44 ± 0.01 | 0.1350 | 0.8420 | 0.6430 |
UA (mg/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.8300 | 0.6680 | 0.8580 |
ALB (g/dL) | 3.1 ± 0.0 | 3.1 ± 0.0 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.0 | 0.6870 | 0.3510 | 0.8930 |
TP (g/dL) | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0000 | 0.1430 | 0.8030 |
GLU | 235 ± 12 | 249 ± 12 | 243 ± 17 | 286 ± 28 | 0.2210 | 0.1370 | 0.4280 |
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Lee, M.-C.; Hsu, Y.-J.; Yang, L.-H.; Huang, C.-C.; Ho, C.-S. Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4547. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124547
Lee M-C, Hsu Y-J, Yang L-H, Huang C-C, Ho C-S. Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice. Nutrients. 2021; 13(12):4547. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124547
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Mon-Chien, Yi-Ju Hsu, Li-Hsuan Yang, Chi-Chang Huang, and Chun-Sheng Ho. 2021. "Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice" Nutrients 13, no. 12: 4547. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124547
APA StyleLee, M. -C., Hsu, Y. -J., Yang, L. -H., Huang, C. -C., & Ho, C. -S. (2021). Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice. Nutrients, 13(12), 4547. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124547