Socioeconomic Risk Factors of Poor Nutritional Status in Polish Elderly Population: The Results of PolSenior2 Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nutritional Status
2.2. Data Collection on Socioeconomic Characteristics
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Participants Characteristics
3.2. Factors Associated with Poor Nutritional Status
3.3. Multivariable Analysis Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Epidemiology of PNS
4.2. Socioeconomic Predictors of PNS
4.3. Modifiable Socioeconomic Risk Factors for PNS
4.4. Study Limitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Poor Nutritional Status % (n) | Normal Nutritional Status % (n) | p * |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Women | 958 (32.9%) | 1955 (67.1%) | <0.001 |
Men | 743 (26.7%) | 2042 (73.3%) | |
Age group | |||
60–64 years | 167 (18.5%) | 734 (81.5%) | <0.001 |
65–69 years | 211 (19.7%) | 860 (80.3%) | |
70–74 years | 223 (21.9%) | 794 (78.1%) | |
75–79 years | 244 (28.2%) | 621 (71.8%) | |
80–84 years | 279 (35.0%) | 519 (65.0%) | |
85–89 years | 285 (50.4%) | 281 (49.6%) | |
90 and over | 292 (60.8%) | 188 (39.2%) | |
Level of education | |||
Primary or less than primary | 700 (43.6%) | 907 (56.4%) | <0.001 |
Higher than primary | 958 (24.1%) | 3021 (75.9%) | |
Marital status | |||
Unmarried | 880 (40.2%) | 1308 (59.8%) | <0.001 |
Married | 768 (22.9%) | 2591 (77.1%) | |
Place of residence | |||
City | 1058 (28.6%) | 2640 (71.4%) | <0.01 |
Rural area | 643 (32.1%) | 1357 (67.8%) | |
Subjective loneliness | |||
Without subjective loneliness | 1364 (26.8%) | 3731 (73.2%) | <0.001 |
Often or always | 260 (60.6%) | 169 (39.4%) | |
Self-reported poverty | |||
Yes | 174 (43.4%) | 227 (56.6%) | <0.001 |
No | 1439 (28.2%) | 3671 (71.8%) |
Variable | Overall | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% Cl) | p | OR (95% Cl) | p | OR (95% Cl) | p | |
Sex (women) | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 0.046 | - | - | ||
Age (for every 10 years) | 1.69 (1.57–1.82) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.37–1.68) | 0.001 | 1.93 (1.72–2.15) | <0.001 |
Education (primary or less than primary) | 1.51 (1.30–1.74) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.14–1.77) | 0.002 | 1.54 (1.26–1.88) | <0.001 |
Place of residence (rural areas) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.35 | 1.10 (0.90–1.34) | 0.35 | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | 0.70 |
Unmarried status | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 0.002 | 1.48 (1.19–1.84) | 0.001 | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) | 0.65 |
Subjective loneliness (often or always) | 2.95 (2.36–3.68) | <0.001 | 3.34 (2.31–4.85) | 0.001 | 2.71 (2.05–3.59) | <0.001 |
Self-reported poverty | 1.47 (1.17–1.84) | 0.001 | 1.49 (1.04–2.15) | 0.03 | 1.45 (1.08–1.95) | 0.013 |
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Krzymińska-Siemaszko, R.; Deskur-Śmielecka, E.; Kaluźniak-Szymanowska, A.; Kaczmarek, B.; Kujawska-Danecka, H.; Klich-Rączka, A.; Mossakowska, M.; Małgorzewicz, S.; Dworak, L.B.; Kostka, T.; et al. Socioeconomic Risk Factors of Poor Nutritional Status in Polish Elderly Population: The Results of PolSenior2 Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4388. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124388
Krzymińska-Siemaszko R, Deskur-Śmielecka E, Kaluźniak-Szymanowska A, Kaczmarek B, Kujawska-Danecka H, Klich-Rączka A, Mossakowska M, Małgorzewicz S, Dworak LB, Kostka T, et al. Socioeconomic Risk Factors of Poor Nutritional Status in Polish Elderly Population: The Results of PolSenior2 Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(12):4388. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124388
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzymińska-Siemaszko, Roma, Ewa Deskur-Śmielecka, Aleksandra Kaluźniak-Szymanowska, Beata Kaczmarek, Hanna Kujawska-Danecka, Alicja Klich-Rączka, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Sylwia Małgorzewicz, Lechosław B. Dworak, Tomasz Kostka, and et al. 2021. "Socioeconomic Risk Factors of Poor Nutritional Status in Polish Elderly Population: The Results of PolSenior2 Study" Nutrients 13, no. 12: 4388. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124388