The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

Molina-Montes, Esther; Ubago-Guisado, Esther; Petrova, Dafina; Amiano, Pilar; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Agudo, Antonio; Sánchez, María-José

doi:10.3390/nu13124293

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The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

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María-Dolores Chirlaque

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Antonio Agudo

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María-José Sánchez

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Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain

Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain

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Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain

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Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain

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Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

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Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

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Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30003 Murcia, Spain

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Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain

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Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain

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Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

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Academic Editor: Sara Gandini

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4293; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124293

Received: 31 October 2021 / Revised: 22 November 2021 / Accepted: 24 November 2021 / Published: 28 November 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Cancer Epidemiology)

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Abstract

Evidence on the impact of diet, alcohol, body-mass index (BMI), and physical activity on mortality due to cancer and other cancer-related outcomes is still scarce. Herein, we reviewed the contribution of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study to the current state of the art on the role of these factors in cancer mortality. We identified 45 studies using a rapid systematic review methodology. Dietary factors associated with reduced cancer mortality included raw vegetable intake; dietary fiber intake; the Mediterranean diet; other dietary scores; other diet patterns including low meat eaters, vegetarians/vegans, or fish eaters; dietary intake (or biomarkers) of some vitamins (e.g., vitamin D, vitamin K2, or Vitamin C); and intake of lignans. Physical activity and following healthy lifestyle recommendations also reduced cancer mortality risk. In contrast, dietary factors associated with higher cancer mortality risk included poor diet quality, consumption of alcohol and soft drinks including juice, and, to a lesser extent, intake of some fatty acids. Excess weight and obesity also increased the risk of cancer mortality. The EPIC study holds valuable information on diet and lifestyle factors and offers a unique opportunity to identify key diet-related factors for cancer mortality prevention. View Full-Text

Keywords: diet; nutrition; obesity; physical activity; cancer; mortality; prevention

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Molina-Montes, E.; Ubago-Guisado, E.; Petrova, D.; Amiano, P.; Chirlaque, M.-D.; Agudo, A.; Sánchez, M.-J. The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124293

AMA Style

Molina-Montes E, Ubago-Guisado E, Petrova D, Amiano P, Chirlaque M-D, Agudo A, Sánchez M-J. The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(12):4293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124293

Chicago/Turabian Style

Molina-Montes, Esther, Esther Ubago-Guisado, Dafina Petrova, Pilar Amiano, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Antonio Agudo, and María-José Sánchez. 2021. "The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study" Nutrients 13, no. 12: 4293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124293

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