Next Article in Journal
Strategies for Reducing Salt and Sugar Intakes in Individuals at Increased Cardiometabolic Risk
Previous Article in Journal
Vitamin D Modulation of the Innate Immune Response to Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens Associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections
Previous Article in Special Issue
Endocrine-Disrupting Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Breast Milk: Changes during Lactation
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 1
10.3390/nu13010277
nutrients-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Tandem Breastfeeding: A Descriptive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Milk When Feeding a Younger and Older Child

by
Elena Sinkiewicz-Darol
1,*,
Urszula Bernatowicz-Łojko
1,2,
Katarzyna Łubiech
3,
Iwona Adamczyk
1,3,
Magdalena Twarużek
3,
Barbara Baranowska
2,
Krzysztof Skowron
4 and
Diane L. Spatz
5
1
Human Milk Bank, Ludwik Rydygier’ Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
2
Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Departament of Midwifery, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
3
Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30 St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
4
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
5
University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010277
Submission received: 30 November 2020 / Revised: 17 January 2021 / Accepted: 18 January 2021 / Published: 19 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Milk, HMO, Lactation and Application in Infant Feeding)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Breastfeeding is a gold standard of feeding of newborns and infants. Tandem breastfeeding (TBF) is feeding two children of different ages at the same time. The knowledge about the composition of human milk in prolonged lactation is still scarce. Milk from tandem breastfeeding women and after weaning was examined. Milk samples were collected from 13 TBF mothers. A 24-h milk collection was done. Analyses of fat, protein, carbohydrate and energy content were performed using MIRIS. Sociodemographic characteristics of TBF mothers was done. Higher fat content, energy value and total protein concentration was found in TBFM milk during tandem breastfeeding, than in milk after weaning the older child. The carbohydrate content remained stable. The composition of breastmilk, in terms of macronutrients, changes after weaning, taking into account the nutritional requirements of the younger child. The milk of nursing mothers in tandem did not show diurnal variability in individual components. These findings suggest an adaptive role of human milk to nutrient requirements of newborn and older children. The results may support the promotion of long breastfeeding, including tandem breastfeeding.
Keywords: tandem breastfeeding; prolonged lactation; extended lactation; long-nursing mothers; child nutrition; weaning tandem breastfeeding; prolonged lactation; extended lactation; long-nursing mothers; child nutrition; weaning

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sinkiewicz-Darol, E.; Bernatowicz-Łojko, U.; Łubiech, K.; Adamczyk, I.; Twarużek, M.; Baranowska, B.; Skowron, K.; Spatz, D.L. Tandem Breastfeeding: A Descriptive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Milk When Feeding a Younger and Older Child. Nutrients 2021, 13, 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010277

AMA Style

Sinkiewicz-Darol E, Bernatowicz-Łojko U, Łubiech K, Adamczyk I, Twarużek M, Baranowska B, Skowron K, Spatz DL. Tandem Breastfeeding: A Descriptive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Milk When Feeding a Younger and Older Child. Nutrients. 2021; 13(1):277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010277

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sinkiewicz-Darol, Elena, Urszula Bernatowicz-Łojko, Katarzyna Łubiech, Iwona Adamczyk, Magdalena Twarużek, Barbara Baranowska, Krzysztof Skowron, and Diane L. Spatz. 2021. "Tandem Breastfeeding: A Descriptive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Milk When Feeding a Younger and Older Child" Nutrients 13, no. 1: 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010277

APA Style

Sinkiewicz-Darol, E., Bernatowicz-Łojko, U., Łubiech, K., Adamczyk, I., Twarużek, M., Baranowska, B., Skowron, K., & Spatz, D. L. (2021). Tandem Breastfeeding: A Descriptive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Milk When Feeding a Younger and Older Child. Nutrients, 13(1), 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010277

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop