Genistein Reduces the Risk of Local Mammary Cancer Recurrence and Ameliorates Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in the Offspring of Obese Dams
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Timing of Genistein Supplementation Determined Its Effect on Mammary Tumor Recurrence in the HFD Offspring
3.2. Genistein after Tamoxifen Treatment Prevented Local Mammary Cancer Recurrence in the HFD Offspring
3.3. Genistein Supplementation after Tamoxifen Therapy Altered the Gut Microbiota in the Control and HFD Offspring
3.4. Rats Exhibiting Local Mammary Tumor Recurrence Had a Different Gut Microbiota Composition than Rats Remaining Recurrence Free
3.5. Genistein Supplementation Altered Microbial Metabolism
3.6. Genistein Activated Anti-Tumor Immune Responses in Tamoxifen Responding, But Not Resistant Tumors
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Andrade, F.d.O.; Liu, F.; Zhang, X.; Rosim, M.P.; Dani, C.; Cruz, I.; Wang, T.T.Y.; Helferich, W.; Li, R.W.; Hilakivi-Clarke, L. Genistein Reduces the Risk of Local Mammary Cancer Recurrence and Ameliorates Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in the Offspring of Obese Dams. Nutrients 2021, 13, 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010201
Andrade FdO, Liu F, Zhang X, Rosim MP, Dani C, Cruz I, Wang TTY, Helferich W, Li RW, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Genistein Reduces the Risk of Local Mammary Cancer Recurrence and Ameliorates Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in the Offspring of Obese Dams. Nutrients. 2021; 13(1):201. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010201
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrade, Fabia de Oliveira, Fang Liu, Xiyuan Zhang, Mariana Papaleo Rosim, Caroline Dani, Idalia Cruz, Thomas T. Y. Wang, William Helferich, Robert W. Li, and Leena Hilakivi-Clarke. 2021. "Genistein Reduces the Risk of Local Mammary Cancer Recurrence and Ameliorates Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in the Offspring of Obese Dams" Nutrients 13, no. 1: 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010201
APA StyleAndrade, F. d. O., Liu, F., Zhang, X., Rosim, M. P., Dani, C., Cruz, I., Wang, T. T. Y., Helferich, W., Li, R. W., & Hilakivi-Clarke, L. (2021). Genistein Reduces the Risk of Local Mammary Cancer Recurrence and Ameliorates Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in the Offspring of Obese Dams. Nutrients, 13(1), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010201