Reliability of Self-Administered Questionnaire on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Malaysian Adolescents
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Questionnaire
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Ethics
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Vitamin/Mineral | Non-Vitamin/Non-Mineral |
---|---|
Vitamin C | Fish oil/omega-3/omega-6 |
B vitamins or B complex | Spirulina |
Folic acid/vitamin B6 | Evening Primrose Oil |
Calcium | Honey/bee products |
Vitamin D | Co-enzyme Q10 |
Zinc | Chicken/Fish essence |
Iron | Sea Cucumber |
Multivitamin and/or Multimineral | Fiber |
Vitamin A | Protein/amino-acids |
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Mean ± SD/n (%) | |
---|---|
All | 46 |
Age | 16.9 ± 0.8 |
Gender | |
Male | 23 (50.0) |
Female | 23 (50.0) |
Ethnicity | |
Malay | 39 (84.8) |
Non-Malay * | 7 (15.2) |
Baseline Prevalence, n (%) | Follow-Up Prevalence, n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Vitamin/mineral | ||
Number of users | 18 (39.1) | 17 (37.0) |
Number of supplements | ||
1 type | 13 (72.2) | 13 (76.5) |
2 types | 5 (27.8) | 4 (23.5) |
>3 types | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Type of DS | ||
Single vitamin | 14 (77.8) | 13 (76.5) |
Single mineral | 3 (16.7) | 5 (29.4) |
Combination of vitamin(s) and mineral(s) * | 7 (38.9) | 4 (23.5) |
Non-vitamin/non-mineral | ||
Number of users | 21 (45.7) | 22 (47.8) |
Number of supplements | ||
1 type | 8 (38.1) | 10 (45.5) |
2 types | 9 (42.9) | 8 (36.4) |
>3 types | 4 (19.1) | 4 (18.2) |
Type of DS | ||
Honey and bee products | 10 (47.6) | 8 (36.4) |
Fish oil/omega-3 | 7 (33.3) | 7 (31.8) |
Meat essence | 5 (23.8) | 5 (22.7) |
Herbs and botanicals | 13 (61.9) | 11 (50.0) |
Protein formula | 2 (9.5) | 2 (9.1) |
Others ‡ | 2 (9.5) | 3 (13.6) |
Unspecified # | - | 1 (4.5) |
Items | Response Alternatives | n | Percentage Agreement (%) | Kappa Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Used or taken any vitamins/minerals in the past one year | Yes/no | 46 | 97.8 | 0.95 |
Name of supplement | * | 46 | 93.5–100.0 | 0.68–1.00 |
Still take | Yes/no | 46 | 91.3–100.0 | 0.67–1.00 |
Frequency of intake | At least once a day/more than once a week/once a week/one to three times a month | 46 | 87.0–97.8 | 0.64–0.80 |
Took continuously for more than 6 months | Yes/no | 46 | 87.0–100.0 | 0.53–1.00 |
Items | Response Alternatives | n | Percentage Agreement (%) | Kappa Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Used or taken any NVNM in the past one year | Yes/no | 46 | 89.1 | 0.78 |
Name of supplement | * | 45 | 84.4–97.8 | 0.77–0.87 |
Still take | Yes/no | 43 | 79.1–97.8 | 0.63–0.88 |
Frequency of intake | At least once a day/more than once a week/once a week/one to three times a month | 46 | 77.3–95.7 | 0.79–0.97 |
Took continuously for more than 6 months | Yes/no | 46 | 81.8–100.0 | 0.69–1.00 |
Items | Response | n | Percentage Agreement (%) | Kappa Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Used or taken any medicines in the past one year | Yes/no | 46 | 97.8 | 0.93 |
Name of medicine | * | 46 | 95.7–100.0 | 0.48–0.94 |
Still take | Yes/no | 43 | 95.7–100.0 | 0.48–0.94 |
Frequency of intake | At least once a day/more than once a week/once a week/one to three times a month | 46 | 91.1–100.0 | 0.42–0.82 |
Took continuously for more than 6 months? | Yes/no | 46 | 89.1–100.0 | 0.22–0.69 |
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Share and Cite
Zulfarina, M.S.; Sharif, R.; Sharkawi, A.M.; Tg Abu Bakar Sidik, T.M.I.; Mokhtar, S.-A.; Shuid, A.N.; Naina-Mohamed, I. Reliability of Self-Administered Questionnaire on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Malaysian Adolescents. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092853
Zulfarina MS, Sharif R, Sharkawi AM, Tg Abu Bakar Sidik TMI, Mokhtar S-A, Shuid AN, Naina-Mohamed I. Reliability of Self-Administered Questionnaire on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Malaysian Adolescents. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9):2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092853
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulfarina, Mohamed S., Razinah Sharif, Ahmad M. Sharkawi, Tg Mohd Ikhwan Tg Abu Bakar Sidik, Sabarul-Afian Mokhtar, Ahmad Nazrun Shuid, and Isa Naina-Mohamed. 2020. "Reliability of Self-Administered Questionnaire on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Malaysian Adolescents" Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092853
APA StyleZulfarina, M. S., Sharif, R., Sharkawi, A. M., Tg Abu Bakar Sidik, T. M. I., Mokhtar, S.-A., Shuid, A. N., & Naina-Mohamed, I. (2020). Reliability of Self-Administered Questionnaire on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Malaysian Adolescents. Nutrients, 12(9), 2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092853