Methylglyoxal, Glycated Albumin, PAF, and TNF-α: Possible Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers for Management of Gestational Diabetes
by
Gabriele Piuri 1
, Katia Basello 2, Gabriele Rossi 3, Chiara Maria Soldavini 3, Silvia Duiella 3, Giulia Privitera 3, Angela Spadafranca 3, Andrea Costanzi 2, Emiliana Tognon 2, Mattia Cappelletti 1, Paola Antonia Corsetto 4, Angela Maria Rizzo 4, Attilio Francesco Speciani 1,2,* and Enrico Ferrazzi 1,3,5
Gabriele Piuri 1, Katia Basello 2, Gabriele Rossi 3, Chiara Maria Soldavini 3, Silvia Duiella 3, Giulia Privitera 3, Angela Spadafranca 3, Andrea Costanzi 2, Emiliana Tognon 2, Mattia Cappelletti 1, Paola Antonia Corsetto 4, Angela Maria Rizzo 4, Attilio Francesco Speciani 1,2,* and Enrico Ferrazzi 1,3,5
1
Inflammation Society, 18 Woodlands Park, Bexley DA52EL, UK
2
GEK lab–Cryolab, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1—00133 Rome, Italy
3
Obstetrical Unit, Woman-Child-Newborn Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
4
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
5
Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020479
Received: 31 December 2019 / Revised: 9 February 2020 / Accepted: 11 February 2020 / Published: 14 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition for Gestational Diabetes)
Background: In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pancreatic β-cell breakdown can result from a proinflammatory imbalance created by a sustained level of cytokines. In this study, we investigated the role of specific cytokines, such as B-cell activating factor (BAFF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and platelet-activating factor (PAF), together with methylglyoxal (MGO) and glycated albumin (GA) in pregnant women affected by GDM. Methods: We enrolled 30 women whose inflammation and metabolic markers were measured at recruitment and after 12 weeks of strict dietetic therapy. We compared these data to the data obtained from 53 randomly selected healthy nonpregnant subjects without diabetes, hyperglycemia, or any condition that can affect glycemic metabolism. Results: In pregnant women affected by GDM, PAF levels increased from 26.3 (17.4–47.5) ng/mL to 40.1 (30.5–80.5) ng/mL (p < 0.001). Their TNF-α levels increased from 3.0 (2.8–3.5) pg/mL to 3.4 (3.1–5.8) pg/mL (p < 0.001). The levels of methylglyoxal were significantly higher in the women with GDM (p < 0.001), both at diagnosis and after 12 weeks (0.64 (0.46–0.90) μg/mL; 0.71 (0.47–0.93) μg/mL, respectively) compared to general population (0.25 (0.19–0.28) μg/mL). Levels of glycated albumin were significantly higher in women with GDM (p < 0.001) only after 12 weeks from diagnosis (1.51 (0.88–2.03) nmol/mL) compared to general population (0.95 (0.63–1.4) nmol/mL). Conclusion: These findings support the involvement of new inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in the mechanisms related to GDM complications and prompt deeper exploration into the vicious cycle connecting inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic results.
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Keywords:
gestational diabetes; platelet-activating factor; tumor necrosis factor α; methylglyoxal; glycated albumin
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MDPI and ACS Style
Piuri, G.; Basello, K.; Rossi, G.; Soldavini, C.M.; Duiella, S.; Privitera, G.; Spadafranca, A.; Costanzi, A.; Tognon, E.; Cappelletti, M.; Corsetto, P.A.; Rizzo, A.M.; Speciani, A.F.; Ferrazzi, E. Methylglyoxal, Glycated Albumin, PAF, and TNF-α: Possible Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers for Management of Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients 2020, 12, 479.
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