Dietary Fiber Intake Alters Gut Microbiota Composition but Does Not Improve Gut Wall Barrier Function in Women with Future Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Sample Collection
2.2. Fecal DNA Extraction
2.3. Bioinformatics Analysis
2.4. Zonulin Assay
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overall Gut Microbiota Diversity
3.2. Gut Microbiota Composition
3.3. Gut Permeability
4. Discussion
4.1. Genera Diversity and Abundance with Fiber Intake
4.2. Gut Wall Barrier Function Across Gestation
4.3. Gut Wall Barrier Function and Fiber Intake
4.4. Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fiber Condition | Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy | Normotensive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Fiber | Higher Fiber | p-Value | Lower Fiber | Higher Fiber | p-Value | |
N | 10 | 12 | NA | 79 | 73 | NA |
Maternal age (years) | 33 (1.34) | 38 (1.43) | 0.05 | 32 (0.55) | 33 (0.53) | 0.67 |
Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 34.9 (2.36) | 34.2 (1.28) | 0.77 | 34.9 (0.62) | 33.9 (0.67) | 0.31 |
Excess weight gain (n) (Y/N/No Data) | 2/8/0 | 6/6/0 | 0.20 | 24/44/11 | 31/31/11 | 0.12 |
Ethnicity | NA | 0.06 | ||||
Caucasian n (%) | 90.0 | 91.7 | 86.1 | 90.4 | ||
Indian n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | ||
Asian n (%) | 0 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 0 | ||
Other n (%) | 10.0 | 0 | 5.1 | 9.6 | ||
SBP^ (mmHg) | 114 (2.10) | 115 (4.39) | 0.87 | 111 (1.02) | 109 (0.98) | 0.08 |
DBP^ (mmHg) | 70 (2.34) | 70 (2.93) | 0.90 | 66 (0.86) | 65 (0.87) | 0.50 |
Fasting glucose^ (mmol/L) | 4.3 (0.12) | 4.5 (0.07) | 0.24 | 4.3 (0.05) | 4.3 (0.05) | 0.81 |
C-Peptide^ (nmol/L) | 1.1 (0.16) | 0.9 (0.08) | 0.39 | 0.9 (0.04) | 0.8 (0.04) | 0.03 |
Insulin^ (mU/L) | 11.2 (1.22) | 10.0 (1.78) | 0.60 | 10.8 (0.68) | 8.7 (0.54) | 0.02 |
Total cholesterol^ (mmol/L) | 6.9 (0.27) | 6.2 (0.43) | 0.21 | 6.6 (0.14) | 6.7 (0.12) | 0.34 |
Circulating Triglycerides^ (mmol/L) | 2.6 (0.25) | 1.9 (0.23) | 0.08 | 2.1 (0.10) | 2.0 (0.08) | 0.48 |
Daily Energy Intake^ (kJ) | 5351 (430) | 6880 (278) | 0.0088 | 5307 (128) | 8022 (221) | <0.0001 |
Fiber intake^ (g/day) | 12.8 (0.87) | 22.8 (1.18) | <0.0001 | 13.6 (0.3) | 25.4 (0.8) | <0.0001 |
Energy-corrected fiber intake^ (mg/kJ) | 2.0 (0.11) | 2.7 (0.20) | 0.005 | 2.6 (0.1) | 3.0 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
Carbohydrates (g/day) | 122.7 (11.76) | 171.1 (6.31) | 0.0003 | 131.9 (3.4) | 215.1 (6.7) | <0.0001 |
Starch (g/day) | 62.8 (7.54) | 86.3 (4.58) | 0.018 | 66.6 (2.1) | 116.6 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
Protein (g/day) | 71.1 (6.74) | 80.0 (5.14) | 0.31 | 62.4 (2.0) | 99.4 (3.4) | <0.0001 |
Total Fats (g/day) | 56.6 (5.72) | 71.6 (4.59) | 0.05 | 55.2 (1.6) | 88.1 (3.2) | <0.0001 |
Saturated Fats (g/day) | 24.2 (2.47) | 30.8 (2.75) | 0.08 | 24.6 (0.8) | 38.4 (1.5) | <0.0001 |
Fetal Sex (F/M) | 4/5/1 | 7/5/0 | 0.71 | 37/26 | 28/31 | 0.28 |
Birth weight (g) | 3528 (91.37) | 3511 (129.7) | 0.91 | 3605 (82) | 3572 (64) | 0.75 |
HDP No GDM | Normotensive | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
N | 22 | 152 | NA |
Maternal age (years) | 36 (1.1) | 35 (0.4) | 0.62 |
Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 34.4 (1.3) | 34.4 (0.5) | 0.99 |
Ethnicity | 0.94 | ||
Caucasian n (%) | 20 (91) | 134 (88) | |
Indian n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | |
Asian n (%) | 1 (4.5) | 6 (4) | |
Other n (%) | 1 (4.5) | 11 (7) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 114 (2.5) | 110 (0.7) | 0.04 |
DBP (mmHg) | 70 (1.9) | 66 (0.6) | 0.01 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.4 (0.1) | 4.3 (0.0) | 0.24 |
C-Peptide (nmol/L) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.0) | 0.13 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 11.2 (1.2) | 9.8 (0.4) | 0.26 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.5 (0.3) | 6.6 (0.1) | 0.65 |
Circulating Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.1) | 0.49 |
Daily Energy Intake (kJ) | 6185 (293) | 6512 (166) | 0.46 |
Fiber intake (g/day) | 18.3 (1.3) | 19.3 (0.6) | 0.58 |
Energy-corrected fiber intake (mg/kJ) | 3.0 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.1) | 0.29 |
Carbohydrates (g/day) | 149.1 (8.1) | 171.9 (5.0) | 0.09 |
Starch (g/day) | 72.3 (4.9) | 90.59 (3.2) | 0.03 |
Protein (g/day) | 75.9 (4.2) | 80.2 (2.5) | 0.52 |
Total Fats (g/day) | 64.9 (3.9) | 71.67 (2.2) | 0.27 |
Saturated Fats (g/day) | 27.8 (2.0) | 31.2 (1.0) | 0.21 |
Fetal Sex (F/M) | 11/10 | 65/57 | >0.99 |
Birth weight (g) | 3518 (82) | 3589 (52) | 0.58 |
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Tomsett, K.I.; Barrett, H.L.; Dekker, E.E.; Callaway, L.K.; McIntyre, D.H.; Dekker Nitert, M. Dietary Fiber Intake Alters Gut Microbiota Composition but Does Not Improve Gut Wall Barrier Function in Women with Future Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3862. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123862
Tomsett KI, Barrett HL, Dekker EE, Callaway LK, McIntyre DH, Dekker Nitert M. Dietary Fiber Intake Alters Gut Microbiota Composition but Does Not Improve Gut Wall Barrier Function in Women with Future Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3862. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123862
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomsett, Kate I., Helen L. Barrett, Evelyn E. Dekker, Leonie K. Callaway, David H. McIntyre, and Marloes Dekker Nitert. 2020. "Dietary Fiber Intake Alters Gut Microbiota Composition but Does Not Improve Gut Wall Barrier Function in Women with Future Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3862. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123862