Mumefural Improves Blood Flow in a Rat Model of FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. FeCl3-Induced Vascular Injury and Drug Treatment
2.3. Immunostaining
2.4. Pharmacokinetics Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. MF Improves Blood Flow in an FeCl3-Induced Araterial Thrombosis Model
3.2. MF Inhibits Collagen Fiber Damage in an FeCl3-Induced Araterial Thrombosis Model
3.3. MF Inhibits Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) in an FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis Model
3.4. MF Inhibits Inflammatory Response in an FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis Model
3.5. Pharmacokinetic Parameters of MF in an FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis Model
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primary Antibody | Company | Dilution |
---|---|---|
Anti-P-selectin | Thermo Scientific | 1:250 |
Anti-E-selectin | Abcam | 1:250 |
Anti-platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) | Abcam | 1:100 |
Anti-intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM) | Abcam | 1:500 |
Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) | Abcam | 1:500 |
Anti-nuclear factor (NF)-κB | Santa Cruz | 1:1000 |
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α | Santa Cruz | 1:500 |
Anti-interleukin (IL)-6 | Santa Cruz | 1:500 |
Anti-Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Santa Cruz | 1:1000 |
IV MF (2 mg/kg) | ||||||
Blood concentration (ng/mL) | ||||||
Time (h) | Rat 1 | Rat 2 | Rat 3 | Rat 4 | Mean | SD |
0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
0.083 | 1635.95 | 1329.02 | 1928.95 | 2684.24 | 1894.54 | 580.66 |
0.25 | 826.55 | 434.42 | 429.42 | 658.24 | 587.16 | 191.98 |
0.5 | 197.32 | 84.42 | 67.56 | 272.14 | 155.36 | 96.85 |
1 | 23.08 | 13.16 | BLQ | 49.44 | 28.56 | 18.75 |
2 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
4 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
6 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
8 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
24 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
PO MF (10 mg/kg) | ||||||
Blood concentration (ng/mL) | ||||||
Time (h) | Rat 1 | Rat 2 | Rat 3 | Rat 4 | Mean | SD |
0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
0.25 | 2107.84 | 1268.53 | 1648.32 | 1759.75 | 1696.11 | 345.77 |
0.5 | 432.06 | 1410.53 | 424.37 | 686.58 | 738.38 | 464.36 |
1 | 272.87 | 303.51 | 232.32 | 306.84 | 278.89 | 34.60 |
2 | 55.41 | 121.98 | 85.24 | 116.78 | 94.85 | 30.90 |
4 | 21.39 | 9.52 | BLQ | 18.01 | 16.31 | 6.12 |
6 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
8 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
10 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
24 | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | BLQ | NA | NA |
t1/2 (h) | Tmax (h) | Cmax (ng/mL) | AUC(0–t) (h*ng/mL) | F (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IV Mumefural 2 mg/kg | |||||
Rat1 | 0.15 | 0.083 | 1635.95 | 551.91 | - |
Rat 2 | 0.14 | 0.083 | 1329.02 | 387.8 | - |
Rat 3 | 0.09 | 0.083 | 1928.95 | 508 | - |
Rat 4 | 0.2 | 0.083 | 2684.24 | 811.19 | - |
Mean | 0.14 | 0.08 | 1894.54 | 564.73 | - |
SD | 0.05 | 0 | 580.66 | 178.35 | - |
PO Mumefural 10 mg/kg | |||||
Rat 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 | 2107.84 | 998.14 | 35.35 |
Rat 2 | 0.59 | 0.5 | 1410.53 | 1266.2 | 44.84 |
Rat 3 | 0.65 | 0.25 | 1648.32 | 788.08 | 27.91 |
Rat 4 | 0.73 | 0.25 | 1759.75 | 1120.72 | 39.69 |
Mean | 0.69 | 0.31 | 1731.61 | 1043.28 | 36.95 |
SD | 0.69 | 0.13 | 290.64 | 202.37 | 7.17 |
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Bang, J.; Jeon, W.K. Mumefural Improves Blood Flow in a Rat Model of FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123795
Bang J, Jeon WK. Mumefural Improves Blood Flow in a Rat Model of FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123795
Chicago/Turabian StyleBang, Jihye, and Won Kyung Jeon. 2020. "Mumefural Improves Blood Flow in a Rat Model of FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123795