Exploring Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioural Control in a Genetic-Based and a Population-Based Weight Management Intervention: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Setting
2.2. Interventions
2.3. Outcomes
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Summary of Sample and Baseline Data
3.2. Differences between GLB and GLB+LGx Groups
3.3. Change in Attitudes Within Groups
3.4. Change in Subjective Norms Within Groups
3.5. Change in Perceived Behavioural Control
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Lifestyle Factor and TPB Component | Run-In (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | Baseline (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 3 Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 6 Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 12 Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | Between-Group Analyses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLB | Attitudes towards PA for weight management | 5.79 ± 0.22, 5.82–6.52 | 6.20 ± 0.21, | 6.21 ± 0.18, | 6.33 ± 0.17, | 6.17 ± 0.18, | NS |
5.80–6.61 | 5.85–6.57 | 5.98–6.67 | 5.82–6.65 | ||||
(p = 0.06) | (p = 0.04) | (p < 0.01) | (p = 0.03) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 5.89 ± 0.20, 5.50–6.28 | 6.51 ± 0.14, | 6.50 ± 0.15, | 6.63 ± 0.11, | 6.55 ± 0.11, | ||
6.23–6.80 | 6.20–6.81 | 6.42–6.85 | 6.34–6.76 | ||||
(p< 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | ||||
GLB | Attitudes towards kcal for weight management | 6.34 ± 0.15, 6.05–6.64 | 6.44 ± 0.15, | 6.27 ± 0.16, | 6.41 ± 0.14, | 6.36 ± 0.14, | NS |
6.15–6.74 | 5.95–6.59 | 6.13–6.70 | 6.09–6.64 | ||||
(p = 0.475) | (p = 0.627) | (p = 0.583) | (p = 0.860) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.28 ± 0.14, 6.00–6.56 | 6.44 ± 0.12, | 6.55 ± 0.11, | 6.53 ± 0.10, | 6.49 ± 0.09, | ||
6.21–6.68 | 6.32–6.77 | 6.34–6.73 | 6.31–6.67 | ||||
(p = 0.27) | (p = 0.07) | (p = 0.05) | (p = 0.07) | ||||
GLB | Attitudes towards dietary fat for weight management | 6.11 ± 0.18, 5.76–6.45 | 6.48 ± 0.13, | 6.24 ± 0.15, | 6.36 ± 0.12, | 6.37 ± 0.12, | NS |
6.23–6.74 | 5.96–6.54 | 6.13–6.61 | 6.13–6.61 | ||||
(p= 0.03) | (p = 0.45) | (p = 0.13) | (p = 0.10) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.19 ± 0.15, 5.90–6.49 | 6.42 ± 0.14, | 6.50 ± 0.12, | 6.48 ± 0.12 | 6.39 ± 0.12, | ||
6.14–6.69 | 6.25–6.74 | 6.23–6.72 | 6.13–6.62 | ||||
(p = 0.15) | (p= 0.03) | (p = 0.04) | (p = 0.14) | ||||
GLB | Attitudes towards protein for weight management | 5.97 ± 0.16, 5.65–6.29 | 6.44 ± 0.14, | 6.13 ± 0.15, | 6.30 ± 0.12, | 6.23 ± 0.13, | NS |
6.16–6.71 | 5.84–6.42 | 6.06–6.54 | 5.98–6.49 | ||||
(p< 0.01) | (p = 0.34) | (p= 0.02) | (p = 0.05) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.25 ± 0.15, 5.96–6.54 | 6.50 ± 0.13, | 6.54 ± 0.11, | 6.58 ± 0.09, | 6.48 ± 0.10, | ||
6.25–6.76 | 6.32–6.75 | 6.40–6.77 | 6.28–6.67 | ||||
(p = 0.12) | (p< 0.05) | (p = 0.01) | (p = 0.07) | ||||
GLB | Attitudes towards the importance of weight management | 6.67 ± 0.12, 6.43–6.92 | 6.63 ± 0.12, | 6.67 ± 0.10, | 6.61 ± 0.11, | 6.60 ± 0.11, | NS |
6.40–6.89 | 6.46–6.87 | 6.39–6.83 | 6.39–6.82 | ||||
(p = 0.73) | (p = 0.98) | (p = 0.57) | (p = 0.43) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.78 ± 0.11, 6.57–6.96 | 6.90 ± 0.08, | 6.72 ± 0.10, | 6.76 ± 0.08, | 6.68 ± 0.09, | ||
6.75–7.05 | 6.52–6.93 | 6.60–6.92 | 6.50–6.89 | ||||
(p = 0.22) | (p = 0.59) | (p = 0.82) | (p = 0.22) | ||||
GLB | Attitudes towards the impact of undergoing genetic testing to enhance weight management | 6.31 ± 0.22, 5.88–6.74 | 6.16 ± 0.22, | 6.04 ± 0.21, | 6.16 ± 0.18, | 6.09 ± 0.18, | * p = 0.06 at 3 months (AS) |
5.73–6.58 | 5.63–6.44 | 5.81–6.52 | 5.73–6.45 | ||||
(p = 0.48) | (p = 0.19) * | (p = 0.42) | (p = 0.18) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.35 ± 0.16, 6.04–6.67 | 6.65 ± 0.14, | 6.58 ± 0.13, | 6.58 ± 0.12, | 6.46 ± 0.13, | ||
6.39–6.92 | 6.33–6.83 | 6.35–6.82 | 6.21–6.71 | ||||
(p = 0.07) | (p = 0.14) * | (p = 0.12) | (p = 0.44) |
Group | Lifestyle Factor and TPB Component | Run-In (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | Baseline (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 3 Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 6 Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 12 Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | Between-Group Analyses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLB | Subjective norms: HCT and PA | 5.90 ± 0.25, 5.40–6.40 | 6.11 ± 0.21, | 6.15 ± 0.21, | 6.23 ± 0.20, | 6.08 ± 0.21, | NS |
5.70–6.52 | 5.74–6.56 | 5.84–6.61 | 5.66–6.50 | ||||
(p = 0.36) | (p = 0.27) | (p = 0.12) | (p = 0.36) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.25 ± 0.22, 5.82–6.68 | 6.08 ± 0.24, | 6.41 ± 0.20, | 6.45 ± 0.18, | 6.30 ± 0.20, | ||
5.61–6.55 | 6.02–6.81 | 6.09–6.81 | 5.91–6.69 | ||||
(p = 0.45) | (p = 0.35) | (p = 0.16) | (p = 0.69) | ||||
GLB | Subjective norms: HCT and nutrition | 6.71 ± 0.17, 5.84–6.50 | 6.25 ± 0.15, | 6.29 ± 0.15, | 6.42 ± 0.13, | 6.28 ± 0.14, | NS |
5.95–6.56 | 6.00–6.59 | 6.16–6.68 | 6.00–6.56 | ||||
(p = 0.619) | (p = 0.419) | (p = 0.061) | (p = 0.372) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.39 ± 0.16, 6.06–6.71 | 6.18 ± 0.19, | 6.55 ± 0.14, | 6.59 ± 0.13, | 6.43 ± 0.16, | ||
5.80–6.57 | 6.27–6.83 | 6.32–6.85 | 6.12–6.75 | ||||
(p = 0.29) | (p = 0.24) | (p = 0.09) | (p = 0.68) | ||||
GLB | Subjective norms: Friends and PA | 5.36 ± 0.26, 4.85–5.87 | 5.15 ± 0.25, | 5.06 ± 0.24, | 5.35 ± 0.22, | 5.02 ± 0.22, | NS |
4.65–5.65 | 4.60–5.53 | 4.83–5.68 | 4.58–5.87 | ||||
(p = 0.44) | (p = 0.25) | (p = 0.66) | (p = 0.16) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 5.28 ± 0.25, 4.80–5.77 | 5.15 ± 0.27, | 5.58 ± 0.22, | 5.53 ± 0.21, | 5.37 ± 0.22, | ||
4.61–5.70 | 5.15–6.00 | 5.11–5.95 | 4.94–5.80 | ||||
(p = 0.64) | (p = 0.19) | (p = 0.24) | (p = 0.65) | ||||
GLB | Subjective norms: Friends and nutrition | 5.43 ± 0.23, 4.96–5.89 | 5.33 ± 0.22, | 5.28 ± 0.21, | 5.38 ± 0.19, | 5.09 ± 0.21, | NS |
4.90–5.76 | 4.87–5.70 | 5.00–5.78 | 4.68–5.49 | ||||
(p = 0.71) | (p = 0.55) | (p = 0.83) | (p = 0.13) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 5.42 ± 0.23, 4.96–5.88 | 5.07 ± 0.27, | 5.57 ± 0.21, | 5.54 ± 0.20, | 5.48 ± 0.21, | ||
4.54–5.60 | 5.15–5.99 | 5.14–5.94 | 5.06–5.89 | ||||
(p = 0.19) | (p = 0.47) | (p = 0.52) | (p = 0.74) | ||||
GLB | Subjective norms: Family and PA | 5.86 ± 0.23, 5.40–6.31 | 5.85 ± 0.24, | 5.69 ± 0.22, | 5.85 ± 0.20, | 5.57 ± 0.22, | *p= 0.049 at 12 months |
5.39–6.32 | 5.25–6.12 | 5.45–6.25 | 5.13–6.31 | ||||
(p = 0.99) | (p = 0.41) | (p = 0.98) | (p = 0.11) * | ||||
GLB+LGx | 5.81 ± 0.22, 5.37–6.24 | 5.57 ± 0.23, | 5.89 ± 0.19, | 6.08 ± 0.16, | 6.01 ± 0.16, | ||
5.12–6.03 | 5.51–6.27 | 5.76–6.40 | 5.70–6.33 | ||||
(p = 0.37) | (p = 0.71) | (p = 0.17) | (p = 0.24) * | ||||
GLB | Subjective norms: Family and nutrition | 5.79 ± 0.20, 5.39–6.18 | 5.81 ± 0.21, | 5.65 ± 0.20, | 5.80 ± 0.18, | 5.47 ± 0.20, | * p = 0.050 at 12 months(AS) |
5.40–6.21 | 5.25–6.05 | 5.45–6.16 | 5.07–5.86 | ||||
(p = 0.916) | (p = 0.473) | (p = 0.907) | (p = 0.058) * | ||||
GLB+LGx | 5.93 ± 0.22, 5.50–6.36 | 5.70 ± 0.22, | 6.03 ± 0.18, | 6.05 ± 0.17, | 6.07 ± 0.16, | ||
5.25–6.14 | 5.67–6.39 | 5.72–6.39 | 5.75–6.39 | ||||
(p = 0.344) | (p = 0.631) | (p = 0.523) | (p = 0.387) * | ||||
GLB | Perception that friends exercise regularly | 3.92 ± 0.32, 3.29–4.56 | 4.33 ± 0.31, | 4.04 ± 0.28, | 4.29 ± 0.27, | 4.15 ± 0.27, | NS |
3.73–4.94 | 3.48–4.56 | 3.76–482 | 3.61–4.69 | ||||
(p = 0.16) | (p = 0.66) | (p = 0.12) | (p = 0.27) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 3.87 ± 0.28, 3.23–4.42 | 3.99 ± 0.28, | 3.89 ± 0.26, | 4.14 ± 0.24, | 4.10 ± 0.25, | ||
3.44–4.54 | 3.38–4.40 | 3.66–4.61 | 3.61–4.59 | ||||
(p = 0.68) | (p = 0.95) | (p = 0.27) | (p = 0.30) | ||||
GLB | Perception that family exercises regularly | 3.71 ± 0.35, 3.02–4.41 | 4.02 ± 0.33, | 3.91 ± 0.32, | 4.26 ± 0.31, | 4.07 ± 0.32, | NS |
3.36–4.68 | 3.27–4.55 | 3.65–4.87 | 3.43–4.71 | ||||
(p = 0.28) | (p = 0.45) | (p= 0.02) | (p = 0.08) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.21 ± 0.30, 3.61–4.81 | 4.55 ± 0.30, | 4.60 ± 0.26, | 4.55 ± 0.27, | 4.26 ± 0.26, | ||
3.97–5.14 | 4.07–5.12 | 4.01–5.09 | 3.73–4.78 | ||||
(p = 0.23) | (p = 0.12) | (p = 0.15) | (p = 0.81) | ||||
GLB | Perception that friends eat a healthy diet | 3.94 ± 0.30, 3.35–4.52 | 4.26 ± 0.28, | 4.21 ± 0.26, | 4.34 ± 0.26, | 4.28 ± 0.26, | NS |
3.72–4.81 | 3.70–4.73 | 3.83–4.86 | 3.77–4.80 | ||||
(p = 0.20) | (p = 0.23) | (p = 0.06) | (p = 0.05) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.43 ± 0.20, 4.03–4.83 | 4.43 ± 0.21, | 4.73 ± 0.20, | 4.83 ± 0.17, | 4.84 ± 0.18, | ||
4.02–4.85 | 4.34–5.12 | 4.51–5.16 | 4.49–5.19 | ||||
(p = 0.99) | (p = 0.17) | (p= 0.03) | (p = 0.03) | ||||
GLB | Perception that family eats a healthy diet | 4.64 ± 0.30, 4.05–5.23 | 4.66 ± 0.30, | 5.06 ± 0.26, | 5.02 ± 0.26, | 4.84 ± 0.27, | NS |
4.07–5.25 | 4.54–5.59 | 4.51–5.54 | 4.31–5.37 | ||||
(p = 0.93) | (p< 0.05) | (p = 0.05) | (p = 0.22) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.95 ± 0.21, 4.53–5.38 | 5.02 ± 0.22, | 5.23 ± 0.21, | 5.42 ± 0.19, | 5.32 ± 0.19, | ||
4.58–5.45 | 4.81–5.64 | 5.04–5.80 | 4.94–5.70 | ||||
(p = 0.76) | (p = 0.17) | (p< 0.01) | (p = 0.01) | ||||
GLB | Perception that HCT believes that genetic testing will help with weight management | 5.72 ± 0.23, 5.27–6.17 | 5.63 ± 0.23, | 5.59 ± 0.21, | 5.72 ± 0.19, | 5.67 ± 0.20, | NS |
5.18–6.09 | 5.19–6.00 | 5.34–6.09 | 5.27–6.07 | ||||
(p = 0.72) | (p = 0.55) | (p = 0.98) | (p = 0.81) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.11 ± 0.20, 5.72–6.50 | 5.91 ± 0.22, | 6.36 ± 0.16, | 6.32 ± 0.15, | 6.06 ± 0.20, | ||
5.48–6.34 | 6.04–6.67 | 6.02–6.63 | 5.67–6.45 | ||||
(p = 0.37) | (p = 0.15) | (p = 0.17) | (p = 0.77) | ||||
GLB | Perception that friends believe that genetic testing will help with weight management | 4.93 ± 0.29, 4.35–5.51 | 4.66 ± 0.29, | 4.38 ± 0.27, | 4.80 ± 2.54, | 4.53 ± 0.26, | *p= 0.024 at 3 months |
4.10–5.23 | 3.84–4.92 | 4.30–5.31 | 4.01–5.05 | ||||
(p = 0.34) | (p= 0.04) * | (p = 0.59) | (p = 0.06) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.92 ± 0.27, 4.39–5.46 | 4.71 ± 0.28, | 5.18 ± 0.24, | 5.24 ± 0.23, | 4.99 ± 0.22, | ||
4.15–5.23 | 4.71–5.66 | 4.79–5.68 | 4.55–5.43 | ||||
(p = 0.46) | (p = 0.28) * | (p = 0.15) | (p = 0.71) | ||||
GLB | Perception that family believes that genetic testing will help with weight management | 5.16 ± 0.29, 4.59–5.72 | 4.92 ± 0.27, | 4.86 ± 0.25, | 5.13 ± 0.23, | 4.81 ± 0.25, | * p = 0.05 at 12 months (AS) |
4.39–5.45 | 4.37–5.35 | 4.68–5.58 | 4.31–5.31 | ||||
(p = 0.40) | (p = 0.26) | (p = 0.91) | (p = 0.14) * | ||||
GLB+LGx | 5.16 ± 0.25, 4.65–5.66 | 5.26 ± 0.25, | 5.50 ± 0.22, | 5.67 ± 0.21, | 5.40 ± 0.19, | ||
4.76–5.75 | 5.06–5.94 | 5.27–6.08 | 5.03–5.77 | ||||
(p = 0.72) | (p = 0.16) | (p= 0.02) | (p = 0.19) * | ||||
GLB | Importance of following HCT’s advice | 6.31 ± 0.16, 5.99–6.62 | 6.08 ± 0.17, | 6.32 ± 0.14, | 6.41 ± 0.12, | 6.38 ± 0.12, | NS |
5.74–6.41 | 6.05–6.59 | 6.18–6.65 | 6.15–6.61 | ||||
(p = 0.20) | (p = 0.95) | (p = 0.41) | (p = 0.53) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 6.52 ± 0.14, 6.25–6.79 | 6.52 ± 0.13, | 6.55 ± 0.13, | 6.66 ± 0.10, | 6.50 ± 0.14, | ||
6.25–6.78 | 6.29–6.81 | 6.45–6.86 | 6.22–6.78 | ||||
(p = 0.96) | (p = 0.86) | (p = 0.25) | (p = 0.87) | ||||
GLB | Importance of following friends’ advice | 3.19 ± 0.34, 2.51–3.86 | 3.50 ± 0.34, | 3.43 ± 0.32, | 3.41 ± 0.31, | 3.40 ± 0.30, | NS |
2.83–4.17 | 2.80–4.05 | 2.80–4.00 | 2.79–4.00 | ||||
(p = 0.31) | (p = 0.39) | (p = 0.38) | (p = 0.33) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 3.49 ± 0.32, 2.85–4.13 | 3.38 ± 0.33, | 3.50 ± 0.30, | 3.62 ± 0.29, | 3.71 ± 0.28, | ||
2.72–4.04 | 2.91–4.10 | 3.05–4.20 | 3.15–4.28 | ||||
(p = 0.74) | (p = 0.97) | (p = 0.63) | (p = 0.35) | ||||
GLB | Importance of following family’s advice | 4.70 ± 0.37, 3.97–5.44 | 4.94 ± 0.37, | 4.79 ± 0.37, | 4.65 ± 0.35, | 4.65 ± 0.36, | NS |
4.21–5.67 | 4.06–5.51 | 3.95–5.36 | 3.95–5.36 | ||||
(p = 0.42) | (p = 0.76) | (p = 0.80) | (p = 0.78) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.58 ± 0.39, 3.80–5.36 | 4.53 ± 0.37, | 4.67 ± 0.34, | 4.66 ± 0.33, | 4.76 ± 0.32, | ||
3.79–5.27 | 4.00–5.35 | 4.01–5.31 | 4.13–5.40 | ||||
(p = 0.89) | (p = 0.78) | (p = 0.80) | (p = 0.47) |
Group | Lifestyle Factor and TPB Component | Run-In (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | Baseline (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 3-Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 6-Month (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | 12-Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) | Between-Group Analyses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLB | Perceived difficulty changing PA | 4.05 ± 0.25, 4.09–5.07 | 4.19 ± 0.26, | 4.79 ± 0.24, | 4.63 ± 0.22, | 4.58 ± 0.25, | NS |
3.68–4.70 | 4.32–5.26 | 4.19–5.07 | 4.09–5.07 | ||||
(p = 0.60) | (p< 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p = 0.02) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.43 ± 0.24, 3.96–4.89 | 4.78 ± 0.24, | 5.02 ± 0.22, | 5.01 ± 0.21, | 5.15 ± 0.20, | ||
4.30–5.36 | 4.58–5.46 | 4.58–5.43 | 4.75–5.55 | ||||
(p = 0.15) | (p= 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | ||||
GLB | Perceived difficulty changing kcal intake | 4.16 ± 0.233 | 4.32 ± 0.22, | 4.81 ± 0.20, | 4.82 ± 0.20, | 4.63 ± 0.21, | NS |
3.89–4.76 | 4.42–5.19 | 4.44–5.19 | 4.22–5.03 | ||||
(p = 0.49) | (p< 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p = 0.02) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.32 ± 0.27, 3.78–4.86 | 4.49 ± 0.26, | 4.74 ± 0.24, | 4.73 ± 0.23 | 4.68 ± 0.22, | ||
3.96–5.01 | 4.6–5.22 | 4.27–5.18 | 4.24–5.12 | ||||
(p = 0.53) | (p = 0.07) | (p < 0.05) | (p = 0.03) | ||||
GLB | Perceived difficulty changing dietary fat intake | 4.35 ± 0.25, 3.86–4.84 | 4.33 ± 0.23, | 4.90 ± 0.20, | 4.89 ± 0.20, | 4.64 ± 0.22, | NS |
3.88–4.79 | 4.49–5.30 | 4.49–5.29 | 4.21–5.08 | ||||
(p = 0.94) | (p= 0.01) | (p = 0.01) | (p = 0.16) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.44 ± 0.27, 3.90–4.97 | 4.20 ± 0.26, | 4.75 ± 0.23, | 4.86 ± 0.23, | 4.75 ± 0.23, | ||
3.68–4.72 | 4.30–4.72 | 4.41–5.32 | 4.28–5.21 | ||||
(p = 0.37) | (p = 0.16) | (p = 0.04) | (p = 0.08) | ||||
GLB | Perceived difficulty changing protein intake | 4.60 ± 0.24, 4.13–5.07 | 4.78 ± 0.22, | 5.12 ± 0.20, | 5.04 ± 0.20, | 4.96 ± 0.21, | NS |
4.34–5.21 | 4.72–5.51 | 4.64–5.43 | 4.55–5.37 | ||||
(p = 0.45) | (p= 0.02) | (p = 0.04) | (p = 0.07) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.94 ± 0.25, 4.44–5.43 | 4.86 ± 0.22, | 5.14 ± 0.20, | 5.23 ± 0.20, | 5.05 ± 0.21, | ||
4.42–5.31 | 7.75–5.53 | 4.84–5.62 | 4.64–5.47 | ||||
(p = 0.77) | (p = 0.37) | (p = 0.16) | (p = 0.53) | ||||
GLB | Perceived difficulty managing weight | 3.75 ± 0.24, 3.29–4.22 | 4.04 ± 0,23, | 4.38 ± 0.23, | 4.44 ± 0.22, | 4.39 ± 0.22, | NS |
3.59–4.49 | 3.92–4.83 | 3.98–4.89 | 3.95–4.83 | ||||
(p = 0.157) | (p< 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | ||||
GLB+LGx | 4.10 ± 0.26, 3.59–4.60 | 4.12 ± 0.24, | 4.71 ± 0.22, | 4.53 ± 0.24, | 4.65 ± 0.22, | ||
3.65–4.59 | 4.27–5.14 | 4.06–5.00 | 4.22–5.08 | ||||
(p = 0.925) | (p< 0.01) | (p = 0.04) | (p < 0.01) |
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Horne, J.R.; Gilliland, J.A.; Vohl, M.-C.; Madill, J. Exploring Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioural Control in a Genetic-Based and a Population-Based Weight Management Intervention: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123768
Horne JR, Gilliland JA, Vohl M-C, Madill J. Exploring Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioural Control in a Genetic-Based and a Population-Based Weight Management Intervention: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123768
Chicago/Turabian StyleHorne, Justine R., Jason A. Gilliland, Marie-Claude Vohl, and Janet Madill. 2020. "Exploring Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioural Control in a Genetic-Based and a Population-Based Weight Management Intervention: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123768