Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Dietary Interventions
2.2. Biochemical Analysis of Plasma and Tissue Samples
2.3. Glucose Homeostasis
2.4. Histological and Immunohistological Analysis of eWAT
2.5. Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)
2.6. In Vivo Evaluation of TAG synthesis and DNL-derived FA in eWAT
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Parameters of Energy Balance, Adiposity and Lipid Metabolism Markers
3.2. Lipid and Glucose Homeostasis
3.3. In Vivo Evaluation of TAG/FA Cycling Activity in eWAT
3.4. Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Gene ID | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|---|
Acsl1 | 14081 | GAAGCCGTGGCCCAGGTGTTTGTC | TTCGCCTTCAGTGTTGGAGTCAGA |
Actb | 11461 | GAACCCTAAGGCCAACCGTGAAAAGAT | ACCGCTCGTTGCCAATAGTGATG |
Atgl/Pnpla2 | 66853 | GGCAATCAGCAGGCAGGGTCTTTA | GCCAACGCCACTCACATCTACG |
Bckdha | 12039 | ACGGCGGGCTGTGGCTGAGAA | GAGATTGGGTGGTCCTGCTTGTCC |
Cd36 | 12491 | TGATACTATGCCCGCCTCTCC | TTCCCACACTCCTTTCTCCTCTAC |
Cpt1a | 12894 | GCAGCTCGCACATTACAAGGACAT | AGCCCCCGCCACAGGACACATAGT |
Crat | 12908 | ACATGGTGGTGGTAGCAAGTTCAA | GGCAAGGGCACCATAGGAGA |
Cyphb/Ppib | 19035 | GGGAGATGGCACAGGAGGAAAGAG | ACCCAGCCAGGCCCGTAGTG |
Dgat1 | 13350 | TGGCCAGGACAGGAGTATTTTTGA | CTCGGGCATCGTAGTTGAGCA |
Dgat2 | 67800 | TGCCCTACTCCAAGCCCATCACC | TCAGTTCACCTCCAGCACCTCAGTCTC |
Eef1a1 | 13627 | TGACAGCAAAAACGACCCACCAAT | GGGCCATCTTCCAGCTTCTTACCA |
Eef2 | 13629 | GAAACGCGCAGATGTCCAAAAGTC | GCCGGGCTGCAAGTCTAAGG |
Elovl5 | 68801 | CCTCTCGGGTGGCTGTTCTTCC | AGGCTTCGGCTCGGCTTGTC |
Fas/Fasn | 14104 | TGGGTGTGGAAGTTCGTCAG | GTCGTGTCAGTAGCCGAGTC |
Gk | 14933 | TCGTTCCAGCATTTTCAGGGTTAT | TCAGGCATGGAGGGTTTCACTACT |
Hsl/Lipe | 16890 | TGCGCCCCACGGAGTCTATGC | CTCGGGGCTGTCTGAAGGCTCTGA |
Lpl | 16956 | AGCCCCCAGTCGCCTTTCTCCT | TGCTTTGCTGGGGTTTTCTTCATTCA |
Mpc1 | 55951 | TCATTCAGGGAGGACGACTTATC | TGTTTTCCCTTCAGCACGACTAC |
Mpc2 | 70456 | CTCCCACCCTGCTGCTGTCG | GGCCTGCCGGGTGGTTGTA |
Pc/Pcx | 18563 | CCCCTGGATAGCCTTAATACTCGT | TGGCCCTTCACATCCTTCAAA |
Pck1 | 18534 | GGCAGCATGGGGTGTTTGTAGGA | TTTGCCGAAGTTGTAGCCGAAGAAG |
Pdk4 | 27273 | GGCTTGCCAATTTCTCGTCTCTA | TTCGCCAGGTTCTTCGGTTCC |
Pgc1a/Ppargc1a | 19017 | CCCAAAGGATGCGCTCTCGTT | TGCGGTGTCTGTAGTGGCTTGATT |
Pparg | 19016 | GCCTTGCTGTGGGGATGTCTC | CTCGCCTTGGCTTTGGTCAG |
Sbacad/Acadsb | 66885 | GCATCTGAGGTCGCTGGGCTAAC | CGATGTGCTTGGCGATGGTGT |
Ucp1 | 22227 | CACGGGGACCTACAATGCTTACAG | CACGGGGACCTACAATGCTTACAG |
Vlcad/Acadvl | 11370 | CAGGGGTGGAGCGTGTGC | CATTGCCCAGCCCAGTGAGTTCC |
STD | HF | HF + F | HF + PIO | HF + PIO + F | HF + MSDC | HF + MSDC + F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy balance | |||||||
Body weight initial g) | 27.2 ± 0.40 | 27.6 ± 0.40 | 27.9 ± 0.49 | 27.3 ± 0.47 | 27.9 ± 0.48 | 27.8 ± 0.42 | 27.8 ± 0.50 |
Body weight final (g) | 32.9 ± 0.70 | 44.3 ± 0.64 * | 41.0 ± 1.13 * | 41.5 ± 1.42 * | 38.6 ± 1.35 *,a | 36.9 ± 1.16 *,a | 34.5 ± 0.91 abc |
Body weight gain (g) | 5.50 ± 0.44 | 16.1 ± 0.63 * | 12.0 ± 0.75 *,a | 13.3 ± 1.17 * | 10.1 ± 1.11 *,a | 8.27 ± 0.94 abc | 6.02 ± 0.58 abcd |
Cumulative food intake (MJ/animal) | 3.86 ± 0.06 | 4.59 ± 0.11 * | 4.21 ± 0.18 | 4.57 ± 0.25 * | 4.17 ± 0.15 | 4.75 ± 0.20 * | 4.81 ± 0.32 * |
Tissues | |||||||
eWAT weight (mg) | 833 ± 73 | 2489 ± 84 * | 1977 ± 88 *,a | 2252 ± 168 * | 1734 ± 142 *,ac | 1511 ± 123 *,ac | 1171 ± 117 *,abcd |
scWAT weight (mg) | 403 ± 34 | 1398 ± 87 * | 1283 ± 137 * | 1614 ± 288 * | 1191 ± 84 * | 1097 ± 96 * | 936 ± 78 * |
Liver weight (mg) | 1763 ± 43 | 1793 ± 63 | 1563 ± 58 *,a | 1613 ± 84 * | 1477 ± 58 *,a | 1425 ± 58 *,a | 1418 ± 33 *,a |
Liver TAG content (mg/g) | 33.2 ± 1.16 | 93.4 ± 8.03 * | 57.0 ± 4.96 *,a | 112 ± 17.6 *,b | 48.6 ± 5.77 *,ac | 67.9 ± 10.0 *c | 42.4 ± 5.58 ac |
Plasma (random fed state) | |||||||
NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.04 * | 0.38 ± 0.03 *,a | 0.42 ± 0.02 a | 0.34 ± 0.03 *,a | 0.38 ± 0.04 *,a | 0.22 ± 0.02 *,abce |
TAG (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 0.06 | 1.79 ± 0.05 * | 1.05 ± 0.09 *,a | 0.99 ± 0.06 *,a | 0.82 ± 0.06 *,a | 0.89 ± 0.06 *,a | 0.54 ± 0.04 *,abce |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.81 ± 0.33 | 4.61 ± 0.14 * | 3.40 ± 0.12 a | 3.91 ± 0.10 *,ab | 2.91 ± 0.13 ac | 3.40 ± 0.13 ac | 2.55 ± 0.07 abce |
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Bardova, K.; Funda, J.; Pohl, R.; Cajka, T.; Hensler, M.; Kuda, O.; Janovska, P.; Adamcova, K.; Irodenko, I.; Lenkova, L.; et al. Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3737. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123737
Bardova K, Funda J, Pohl R, Cajka T, Hensler M, Kuda O, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Irodenko I, Lenkova L, et al. Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3737. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123737
Chicago/Turabian StyleBardova, Kristina, Jiri Funda, Radek Pohl, Tomas Cajka, Michal Hensler, Ondrej Kuda, Petra Janovska, Katerina Adamcova, Ilaria Irodenko, Lucie Lenkova, and et al. 2020. "Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3737. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123737