Potential Factors Influencing the Effects of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure Regulation in Humans: A Review
School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Nutrients 2019, 11(6), 1431; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061431
Received: 30 May 2019
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Revised: 18 June 2019
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Accepted: 21 June 2019
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Published: 25 June 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Anthocyanins and Human Health)
Dietary intake of anthocyanins (ACNs) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease. While the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering effects of ACN consumption have been consistently reported, their effect(s) on blood pressure regulation is less consistent and results from human studies are mixed. The objective of this review is attempting to identify potential patterns which may explain the variability in results related to blood pressure. To do so, we review 66 human intervention trials testing the effects on blood pressure of purified ACN or ACN-rich extracts, or whole berries, berry juices, powders, purees and whole phenolic extracts, from berries that are rich in ACN and have ACNs as predominant bioactives. Several factors appear to be involved on the mixed results reported. In particular, the baseline characteristics of the population in terms of blood pressure and total flavonoid intake, the dose and duration of the intervention, the differential effects of individual ACN and their synergistic effects with other phytochemicals, the ACN content and bioavailability from the food matrix, and individual differences in ACN absorption and metabolism related to genotype and microbiota enterotypes.
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Keywords:
anthocyanins; hypertension; blood pressure; berries
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MDPI and ACS Style
Vendrame, S.; Klimis-Zacas, D. Potential Factors Influencing the Effects of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure Regulation in Humans: A Review. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061431
AMA Style
Vendrame S, Klimis-Zacas D. Potential Factors Influencing the Effects of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure Regulation in Humans: A Review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(6):1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061431
Chicago/Turabian StyleVendrame, Stefano, and Dorothy Klimis-Zacas. 2019. "Potential Factors Influencing the Effects of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure Regulation in Humans: A Review" Nutrients 11, no. 6: 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061431
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