Dietary Factors in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Toxic Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide
1.2. Pre-Clinical Models
1.3. Clinical Observations
2. Sources of Sulfur in the Colon
2.1. Dietary Intake
2.2. Endogenous Sources
2.3. H2S Measurement
3. Colonic Microbiota and H2S Production
3.1. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
3.2. Cysteine Degraders
3.3. Interplay Between Functional Microbial Groups
3.4. H2S Clearance
4. Dietary Factors Influencing Colonic H2S Production
4.1. Protein
4.2. Carbohydrate and Fiber
4.3. Dietary Fat
4.4. Endogenous Sulfur
4.5. Miscellaneous Dietary Factors
4.6. Inflammatory Factors
4.7. Interventions Targeting the Colon Microbiota
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author Year | Location | Study Design | Intervention | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Roediger 1998 [52] | Australia | Prospective pilot, Single-arm, 12 months duration (n = 4) | Reduction of sulfur amino acid intake for 12 months following an acute attack of UC | Histological improvement at 12 months. Decreased number of daily bowel movements and stool more formed. Two patients noted worsening symptoms when off diet. |
Kashyap et al. 2013 [53] | United States | Case Report 26-year-old male with notable history of migration to Canada at the age of 10 from Southeast Asia and transition to western diet | Eliminated dairy, refined sugar, pork, beef, and fried food. Emphasized vegetables, fruit, chicken, and fish. | Majority of UC symptoms alleviated at 12 months. Prospectively, symptoms worsened when off diet and improved when returned to diet. |
Chiba et al. 2016 [54] | Japan | Case Report 38-year-old male who began an Atkins-type diet that emphasized meat and animal fat 2-years prior to UC diagnosis | Transitioned to plant-based, semi-vegetarian diet | Achieved remission without medication. Qualitative comment that symptoms returned with worsening diet compliance over time. |
Chiba et al. 2018 [55] | Japan | Case Report 36-year-old female diagnosed with UC at 21 weeks gestation who experienced notable diet changes with onset of emesis | Transitioned to a plant-based, lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet | Remission achieved and maintained through pregnancy |
Chiba et al. 2018 [56] | Japan | Prospective, single-arm (n = 60) | Individuals with mild UC or UC in remission were provided with plant-based diet education | Relapse rates extending to follow-up at 5 years ≤19%, which the authors purport is better than those previously reported. Diet adherence decreased over time. |
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Teigen, L.M.; Geng, Z.; Sadowsky, M.J.; Vaughn, B.P.; Hamilton, M.J.; Khoruts, A. Dietary Factors in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Nutrients 2019, 11, 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040931
Teigen LM, Geng Z, Sadowsky MJ, Vaughn BP, Hamilton MJ, Khoruts A. Dietary Factors in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4):931. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040931
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeigen, Levi M., Zhuo Geng, Michael J. Sadowsky, Byron P. Vaughn, Matthew J. Hamilton, and Alexander Khoruts. 2019. "Dietary Factors in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis" Nutrients 11, no. 4: 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040931