Association of Nutritional Factors with Hearing Loss
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Evidence that Nutrition is a Factor Affecting HL
3. Studies on Nutrition and Hearing
3.1. Impact of Single Nutrition on Hearing (Table 1)
3.2. Impact of General Nutritional Status on Hearing (Table 2)
3.3. Impact of Nutrition on Pediatric Hearing (Table 3 and Table 4)
3.4. Limitations of Previous Studies
3.5. Summary of Clinical Relevance
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors and Reference | Country | Study Design | n | Age | Hearing Status Metric | Nutritional Factor | Outcome | Conclusion |
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Schieffer et al. (2017) [27] | USA | retrospective cohort study | 305,339 | 21–90 year | identified as having hearing loss if they had at least one encounter associated with one of the following spectra of ICD-9 codes: CHL 389.0, SNHL 389.1, or hearing loss 389 | iron (low serum ferritin <12.0 ng/dL) | IDA remained associated with an increased odds of combined hearing loss, adjusted OR: 2.41 (95% CI: 1.90–3.01), and also associated with increased odds of SNHL (adjusted OR: 1.82 (95% CI: 1.18–2.66)). | IDA was associated with SNHL and combined hearing loss in a population of adult patients. |
Choi et al. (2014) [33] | USA | Cross-sectional | 2592 (NHANES 2001–2004) | 20–69 year | PTA at speech (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) and high frequencies (3, 4 and 6 kHz) | Vit. A (β-carotene), Vit. C, Mg | Each quartile showed dose-dependent trends with lower (better) speech-PTA and high-PTA. | (1) By using logistic regression for hearing loss, we found significant dose-dependent reductions in the odds of hearing loss across quartiles of Vit. C and E and β-carotene + Vit. C + Vit. E. (2) The estimated joint effects were borderline significantly larger than the sums of the individual effects (high β-carotene/low magnesium (−4.98%) and low β-carotene/high Mg (−0.80%), p-interaction = 0.08; high Vit. C/low Mg (−1.33%) and low Vit. C/high Mg (2.13%), p-interaction = 0.09). (3) Dietary intakes of antioxidants and Mg are associated with lower risks for hearing loss. |
Vit. E | Each quartile showed dose-dependent trends with lower (better) speech-PTA. | |||||||
Each quartile except Q2 (2nd quartile, 25~50%) showed dose-dependent trends with lower (better) high-PTA. | ||||||||
β-carotene + Vit. C | Highest quartile had significantly lower speech-PTA (quartile 4: −14.95%; 95% CI: −20.82 to −8.65; p-trend <0.001) and lower high-PTA (quartile 4: −13.75%; 95% CI, −19.48 to −7.62; p-trend < 0.001) than did those in the lowest quartile. Lowest quartile, there was significantly lower speech-PTA in the highest quartile (quartile 4: −14.95%; 95% CI: −20.82 to −8.65; p-trend < 0.001). | |||||||
β-carotene + Vit. C + Vit. E | Highest quartile had significantly lower speech-PTA (quartile 4: −14.81%; 95% CI, −20.80 to −8.37; p-trend < 0.001) and lower high-PTA (quartile 4: −13.72%; 95% CI, −20.15 to −6.77; p-trend < 0.001) than did those in the lowest quartile. | |||||||
Michikawa et al. (2009) [34] | Japan | community-based cross-sectional study | 762 | ≥65 year | failure to hear a 30-dB HL signal at 1 kHz and a 40-dB HL signal at 4 kHz in the better ear in PTA | Vit. A (retinol) | Serum retinol inversely related to the prevalence of hearing impairment; adjusted OR for highest quartile compared with lowest: 0.51 (CI: 0.26–1.00; p = 0.03). | Increased serum levels of retinol and provitamin A carotenoids were clearly associated with a decreased prevalence of hearing impairment. |
provitamin A carotenoid (β-cryptoxanthin, and α- and β-carotenes) | Serum provitamin A family inversely related to the prevalence of hearing impairment; adjusted OR for highest quartile compared with lowest: 0.53 (CI: 0.27–1.02; p = 0.09). | |||||||
Gopinath et al. (2011) [35] | Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia | Cross-sectional and 5-year longitudinal analyses | 2956 | ≥50 year at baseline, 1997–1999, 5-year retest 2002–2004 | (1) Age-related HL defined as PTA at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz >40 dB HL (Prevalence) (2) Age-related hearing loss defined as PTA threshold at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz >25 dB HL (5-year incidence) (3) Moderate or greater hearing loss defined as PTA threshold at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz >25 dB HL (5-year incidence) (4) Moderate or greater hearing loss defined as PTA threshold at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz >25 dB HL (5-year incidence) | Vit. A (retinol) | (1) Highest quintile: 47% reduced risk of hearing loss >40 dB vs. lowest quintile, adjusted OR: 0.53 (CI: 0.30–0.92; p = 0.04). (3) Highest quintile: no reduced risk of hearing loss >25 dB HL vs. lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted OR 0.98 (CI: 0.71–1.37; p = 0.94). (4) Highest quintile: no reduced incidence of hearing loss >25 dB HL vs. lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted OR 0.85 (CI: 0.46–1.56; p= 0.69). | Dietary Vit. A and Vit. E intake were significantly associated with the prevalence of hearing loss. However, dietary antioxidant intake did not increase the risk of incident hearing loss. |
Vit. A (β-carotene) | (1) Highest quintile compared to lowest, no reduced risk, multivariable-adjusted OR 1.17 (CI: 0.84–1.64; p = 0.85). (2) Highest quintile: no reduced risk vs. lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted OR 1.13 (CI: 0.61–2.10; p = 0.73). | |||||||
Vit. C | (1) Highest quintile: no reduced risk vs. lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted OR 0.84 (CI: 0.60–1.17; p = 0.29). (2) Highest quintile: no reduced risk vs. lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted OR 0.91 (CI: 0.49–1.69; p = 0.75). | |||||||
Vit. E | (1) Highest quintile: no reduced risk vs. lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted OR 1.12 (CI: 0.81–1.53; p = 0.30). (2) Highest quintile: no reduced risk vs. lowest quintile, multivariable-adjusted OR 0.94 (CI: 0.52–1.69; p = 0.70). | |||||||
Vit. C + Vit. E | (1) A significant interaction between vitamins C and E (p = 0.02); subjects in the highest quintile of E but lowest quintile of C had a lower prevalence of hearing loss compared to subjects in the lowest quintile of both C and E (p = 0.03). | |||||||
Spankovich et al. (2011) [36] | Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia | cross-sectional study | 2111 | 49–99 year | (1) PTA for 250–2000 Hz (2) PTA for 3000–8000 Hz | Vit. A (retinol) | (1) Average LPTA not reliably different. (2) Average HPTA for highest quintile (mean = 44.8 dB) reliably worse than lowest quintile (mean = 41.3 dB); (p = 0.01). | Various nutrients with known roles in redox homeostasis and vascular health are associated with auditory function measures in a human population. |
Vit. C | (1) Highest quintile (mean = 16.8 dB) reliably different from lowest quintile (mean = 19.2 dB); (p = 0.005). | |||||||
Vit. E | (1) Highest quintile (mean = 17.4 dB) different from lowest (mean = 19.9 dB); (p = 0.004). | |||||||
Mg | (1) Highest quintile (mean = 17.7 dB) reliably different from lowest quintile (mean = 20.2 dB); (p = 0.004). | |||||||
Péneau et al. (2013) [39] | France | Cross-sectional and 13-year longitudinal analyses | 1823 | 45–60 year at baseline | the worse ear at the following thresholds: 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz | Vit. A (retinol) | Intakes of retinol (p = 0.058) tended to be associated with better HL in women. | Intake of retinol and Vit. B12 tended to be associated with a better HL in women. |
Vit. B12 | Intakes of Vit. B12 (p = 0.068) tended to be associated with better HL in women. | |||||||
Shargorodsky et al. (2010) [40] | USA | Health Professionals Follow-up Study | 26,273 men | 40–70 year at baseline in 1986 | Self-reported professionally diagnosed hearing loss, measured using the question | Vit. C, E, B12, A (β-carotene) | Among men 60 years and older, total folate intake was associated with a reduced risk of hearing loss; the relative risk for men ≥60 years old in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of folate intake was 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.65–0.96). | Higher intake of Vit. C, E, B12, or beta-carotene does not reduce the risk of hearing loss in adult males. Men 60 years of age and older may benefit from higher folate intake to reduce the risk of developing hearing loss. |
Joachims et al. (1993) [41] | Israel | placebo-controlled double-blind study | 320 | Young adult | Thresholds measured at 2,3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz before and after M16 firearm training 6 days/week × 8 weeks; ~420 shots/person, 164 dBA peak | Mg 4 g Mg granulate verum (6.7 mmol Mg aspartate) or placebo every working day during the 2-month training period | In the placebo group, the percentages of ears with PTS >25 dB at 4 kHz/6 kHz and/or 8 kHz after exposure to firearm noise were twice as high as in the Mg group. | Oral Mg-supplementation as prophylaxis against noise-induced hearing loss was effective. |
Attias et al. (1994) [42] | Israel | placebo-controlled, double-blind study | 300 | Young adult | Thresholds measured at 2,3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz before and after M16 firearm training 6 days/week × 8 weeks; ~420 shots/person, 164 dBA peak | Mg each subject received daily an additional drink containing either 6.7 mmol (167 mg) magnesium aspartate or a similar quantity of placebo (Na-aspartate) | NIPTS was significantly more frequent and more severe in the placebo group than in the magnesium group, especially in bilateral damages. | A significant natural agent for the reduction of hearing damages in noise-exposed population. |
Attias et al. (2004) [43] | Israel | double-blind manner | 20 men | 16–37 | Thresholds measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz before and after a 90 dB-SL white noise × 10 min | Mg : 122 mg Mg, delivered as Mg aspartate, once/day × 10 days, or placebo | Amount of TTS reduced at 2 kHz (p = 0.005), 3 kHz: p = 0.011); prevalence of TTS reduced at 3 kHz (p = 0.034), 4 kHz (p = 0.034), 8 kHz (p = 0.02) | A novel, biological, natural agent for prevention and possible treatment of noise-induced cochlear damage in humans. |
Weiji et al. (2004) [44] | Netherlands | randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | 48 | Not known | PTA | Vit. C, E and Se | Patients who achieved the highest plasma concentrations of the three antioxidant micronutrients had significantly less loss of high-tone hearing. | |
Chuang et al. (2007) [45] | Taiwan | case-control study | 294 (control = 173, case = 121) | Not known | PTA | Se | Se was inversely associated with hearing thresholds. | Se may be a protection element on auditory function |
Durga et al. (2007) [46] | Netherlands | Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial | 728 | Not known | 3-year change in hearing thresholds, assessed as the PTA of both ears of the low (0.5-kHz, 1-kHz, and 2-kHz) and high (4-kHz, 6-kHz, and 8-kHz) frequencies. | Vit. B12 (Folic acid): Daily oral folic acid (800 mg) or placebo supplementation for 3 years | After 3 years, thresholds of the low frequencies increased by 1.0 dB (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.4 dB) in the folic acid group and by 1.7 dB (CI, 1.3 to 2.1 dB) in the placebo group (difference, −0.7 dB (CI, −1.2 to −0.1 dB); p = 0.020). | Folic acid supplementation slowed the decline in hearing of the speech frequencies associated with aging in a population from a country without folic acid fortification of food. |
Kabagambe et al. (2018) [47] | USA | Cross-sectional study | 1149 (NHANES 2003–2004) | 20–69 year | PTA at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz was computed for each ear | Vit. B12 : Erythrocyte folate, serum Vit. B12 | Compared to the 1st quartile, the ORs (95% CIs) for hearing loss were 0.87 (0.49–1.53), 0.70 (0.49–1.00), and 1.08 (0.61–1.94) for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile of erythrocyte folate. | a U-shaped relationship between erythrocyte folate levels and hearing loss. |
Quaranta et al. (2004) [48] | Italy | Case-control study | 20 | 20–30 year | hearing thresholds and TTS (10 min of exposure, narrowband noise centered at 3 kHz, the bandwidth of 775 Hz, 112 dB SPL) were measured before and 8 days after treatment | Vit. B (Cyanocobalamin) Cyanocobalamin 1 mg/day × 7 days plus 5 mg on day 8), or placebo | TTS was reduced at 3 kHz (p < 0.001); TTS at 4 kHz was not reliably reduced (p = 0.061). | elevated plasma cyanocobalamin levels may reduce the risk of hearing dysfunction resulting from noise exposure in healthy, young subjects. |
Gopinath et al. (2010) [49] | Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia | population-based cross-sectional study (1997–1999 to 2002–2004) | 2956 | ≥50 year | Hearing loss defined as the PTA of frequencies 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz > 25 dB | Carbohydrate : dietary glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) | A higher mean dietary GI was associated with an increased prevalence of any hearing loss, comparing quintiles 1 (lowest) and 5 (highest), (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 1.41 (95% CI = 1.01–1.97)). Higher carbohydrate and sugar intakes were associated with incident hearing loss (p-trend = 0.03 and p-trend = 0.05, respectively). | high-GL diet was a predictor of incident hearing loss, as was a higher intake of total carbohydrate. |
Dullemeijer et al. (2010) [52] | Netherlands | Cross-sectional and 3-year longitudinal analyses | 720 | 50–70 year | PTA in the low (0.5-kHz, 1-kHz, and 2-kHz) and high (4-kHz, 6-kHz, and 8-kHz) frequencies over three years | plasma very-long-chain n-3 PUFAs | the highest quartile of plasma very-long-chain n-3 PUFA had less hearing loss in the low frequencies over three years than subjects in the lowest quartile (p < 0.01, ANCOVA, the difference in mean adjusted hearing thresholds= −1.2 dB). | an inverse association between plasma very-long-chain n-3 PUFAs and age-related hearing loss. |
Gopinath et al. (2010) [53] | Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia | population-based cross-sectional study (1997–1999 to 2002–2004) | 2956 | ≥50 year | PTA of frequencies 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz >25 decibels of hearing loss | PUFA and fish intakes | an inverse association between total n-3 PUFA intake and the prevalence of hearing loss (odds ratio (OR) per SD increase in energy-adjusted n-3 PUFAs: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99). | Dietary intervention with n-3 PUFAs could prevent or delay the development of age-related hearing loss |
Suzuki et al. (2000) [54] | Japan | cross-sectional study | 924 | 40–59 year | PTA of frequencies 2 KHz and 4 KHz on the better-hearing ear | serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | As for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hearing levels at 2000 Hz (p < 0.05) and 4000 Hz (p < 0.01) in the high-level group were significantly better than those in the low-level group in men. | A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is associated with hearing loss. |
Evans et al. (2006) [55] | USA | cross-sectional study | 40 | 34–73 year | PTA of frequencies at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz, DPOAE | triglyceride | elevated triglycerides were associated with reduced hearing. | chronic dyslipidemia associated with elevated triglycerides may reduce auditory function, short-term dietary changes may not. |
Curhan et al. (2014) [61] | USA | prospective cohort study | 65,215 women (Data were from Nurses’ Health Study II) | 25–42 year | self-reported hearing loss | long-chain omega-3 PUFAs | In comparison with women in the lowest quintile of intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, the multivariable-adjusted RR for hearing loss among women in the highest quintile was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.91) and among women in the highest decile was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.85) (p-trend < 0.001). | Regular fish consumption and higher intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs are associated with lower risk of hearing loss in women. |
Kim et al. (2015) [97] | Korea | Cohort-based cross-sectional study | 4615 (KNHNES 2009–2012) | 60–80 year | PTA of frequencies at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz | Food intake data total energy intake, the proportion of protein, fat, carbohydrate | Low fat and protein intakes were associated with hearing discomfort (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71, 0.96, p = 0.011; OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67, 0.96, p = 0.017, respectively). | low fat and protein intakes are associated with hearing discomfort in the elderly Korean population. |
Wong et al. (2017) [98] | USA | Prospective study | 32 | 18–28 year | PTA of frequencies at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz | Dietary carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) | L and Z status was related to many, but not all, of the pure tone thresholds we tested: 250 Hz (F(632) = 4.36, p < 0.01), 500 Hz (F(632) = 2.25, p < 0.05), 1000 Hz (F(632) = 3.22, p < 0.05), and 6000 Hz (F(632) = 2.56, p < 0.05). | The overall pattern of results is consistent with a role for L and Z in maintaining optimal auditory function. |
Authors and Reference | Country | Study Design | n | Age | Hearing Status Metric | Nutritional Factor | Outcome | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spankovich et al. (2013) [30] | USA | Cross-sectional study | 2366 | 20–69 year (NHANES 1999–2002) | PTA of frequencies at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz. LFPTA (0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) and HFPTA (3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz) | HEI (HEI scores greater than 80 as “good” and scores less than 51 as “poor”.) | Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, diabetes, and noise exposure, we found a significant negative relationship (Wald F = 6.54, df = 429; p ≤ 0.05) between dietary quality and thresholds at higher frequencies, where higher dietary quality was associated with lower hearing thresholds | The current findings support an association between healthier eating and lower high-frequency thresholds in adults. |
Spankovich et al. (2014) [62] | USA | Cross-sectional study | 2176 | 20–69 year (NHANES 1999–2002) | PTA of frequencies at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz. LFPTA (0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) and HFPTA (3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz) | HEI (HEI scores greater than 80 as “good” and scores less than 51 as “poor”.) | (1) higher (better) HEI was associated with lower (better) HFPTA (Wald F = 5.365, df = 426; p = 0.003). (2) lower (better) HFPTA thresholds associated with higher (better) HEI scores (Wald F = 22.438, df = 129; p < 0.0010). (3) The top HEI had better thresholds at individual frequencies compared to poorer HEI (at 3 kHz (Wald F = 22.453, df = 129; p < 0.001), 4 kHz (Wald F = 42.712, df = 129; p < 0.001), and 6 kHz (Wald F = 13.306, df = 129; p = 0.001)). | healthier diets may be associated with some small but reliable benefit with respect to HFPTA in individuals that are exposed to noise of various types and kinds. |
Michikawa et al. (2016) [63] | Japan | Community-based prospective cohort study | 338 | ≥65 year | Hearing impairment was defined as failure to hear a 30-dB hearing level signal at 1 kHz and a 40-dB signal at 4 kHz in the better ear on PTA | serum albumin, BMI, MAC, CC | Those with lower marker values had greater risk of hearing impairment than those with higher marker values (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–4.57 for albumin ≤4.0 g/dL; aOR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.10–6.71 for BMI <19.0 kg/m2). The pattern of association showed a similar tendency for MAC and CC. | Improve markers of nutritional status may help prevent age-related hearing loss in older adults. |
Hwang et al. (2009) [84] | Taiwan | Prospective ross-sectional study | 690 | 44–47 year | PTA of frequencies at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz. LFPTA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 kHz) and HFPTA (2, 4 and 8 kHz) | Obesity (WC >90 cm male and >80 cm female) | WC is independently associated with HL, but this differs by age and gender. | Central obesity was more important than BMI as a risk factor for ARHL. |
Lee et al. (2015) [85] | Korea | A cross-sectional and longitudinal prospective study | 1296 | 35–65 year | PTA—HL defined as 425 dB with no middle ear pathology | BMI, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C | Elevated TC and TG levels and increased BMI are significantly associated with the prevalence of SSNHL and its prognosis, indicating that vascular compromise may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SSNHL. | Elevated TC, TG, and BMI are significantly associated with the prevalence of SSNHL. |
Hwang et al. (2015) [86] | Taiwan | Retrospective cohort study | 254 | 40–70 year | PTA: an average of 1, 2 and 4 kHz >10 dB between the affected and non-affected ear | BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that BMI (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.964–1.131, p = 0.292) was not significantly associated with the recovery of SNHL for all subjects, after adjusting for all considered variables. | BMI was not significantly and independently associated with prognosis of SSNHL. |
Lalwani et al. (2013) [87] | USA | Retrospective cross-sectional study | 1488 | 12–19 year | PTA: LFPTA (0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) and HFPTA (3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz) | BMI ≥95 percentile | In multivariate analyses, obesity was associated with a 1.85-fold increase in the odds of unilateral low-frequency SNHL (95% CI: 1.10–3.13) after controlling for multiple hearing-related covariates. | Obesity in childhood is associated with higher hearing thresholds across all frequencies and an almost two-fold increase in the odds of unilateral low-frequency hearing loss. |
Kang et al. (2015) [88] | Korea | Retrospective cross-sectional study | 16,554 | >18 year | PTA: an average of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz LFPTA (0.5 and 1 kHz) and MFPTA (2 and 3 kHz) and HFPTA (4 and 6 kHz) | BMI, WC, presence of metabolic syndrome | In the multivariate analysis, metabolic syndrome was associated with increased hearing thresholds in women. | Women with metabolic syndrome had higher hearing thresholds than those without. |
Curhan et al. (2013) [89] | USA | Retrospective longitudinal study | 68,421 | 25–42 year | Self-reported hearing loss | BMI, WC | Compared with women with BMI <25 kg/m2 the multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) for women with BMI ≥40 was 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–1.37). Compared with women with waist circumference <71 cm, the multivariate-adjusted RR for waist circumference >88 cm was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.17–1.38). | Higher BMI and larger WC are associated with increased risk of hearing loss in women. |
Kim et al. (2014) [90] | Korea | Prospective cross-sectional study | 662 | 40–82 year | PTA | BMI, WC, visceral adipose tissue | After adjusting for age, systemic disease and other variables, a positive association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area and the average hearing threshold were observed in women. | Visceral adipose tissue is significantly associated with ARHL in women over 40 years. |
Wu et al. (2015) [91] | Taiwan | Prospective cross-sectional study | 1682 | 40–80 year | PTA | BMI, WC | The association between ADIPOQ and hearing threshold appears to be influenced by ADIPOR1 genotypes. | |
Barrenas et al. (2005) [92] | Sweden | Retrospective cohort study | 245,092 | 0–80 year | PTA | BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | Compared with conscripts with average body mass index, overweight was associated with 30%, obesity with 99%, and overweight if born light for gestational age with 118% higher risk of SNHL. | Increased WC was associated with a doubled risk of SNHL. |
Kim et al. (2016) [93] | Korea | Cross-sectional study | 61,052 | ≥30 year | PTA of frequencies at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz | BMI | Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratios of hearing loss in the severely obese, and underweight groups, compared with the normal group, were 1.312 and 1.282, respectively. | Underweight and severe obesity were associated with an increased prevalence of hearing loss in a Korean population. |
Shiraseb et al. (2016) [100] | Iran | Cross-sectional study | 400 | 20–50 year | IVA CPT | DDS | Mean visual and auditory sustained attention showed a significant increase as the quartiles of DDS increased (p = 0·001). | Higher DDS is associated with better visual and auditory sustained attention. |
Authors and Reference | Country | Study Design | n | Age | Hearing Status Metric | Nutritional Factor | Outcome/Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olusanya (2010) [64] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | 3386 | 0–3 months | TEOAE, ABR | Z-score less than −2 for any of: weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, length-for-age | Infants with any undernourished physical state were significantly more likely to have severe-profound SNHL than infants without any undernourishment. |
Olusanya (2011) [65] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | 6585 | 0–3 months | TEOAE, ABR | Z-score less than −2 for any of: weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length | Undernourished infants have a significantly higher risk for early-onset permanent hearing loss. |
Valeix et al. (1994) [66] | France | Cross-sectional study | 1222 | 10 months, 2 year, 4 year | PTA of frequencies at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. | Iodine (Urinary iodine excretion) | Hearing loss at 4000 Hz and PTA were more severe among children at risk of mild to moderate iodine deficiency; statistically significant positive correlation between hearing at 4000 Hz and urine iodine levels. |
Van den Briel et al. (2001) [67] | Netherlands. | randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial with an observation period of 11 months. | 197 (iodine supplement = 97, placebo supplement = 100) | 7–11 year | PTA of frequencies at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz. | Iodine | In this mildly iodine-deficient child population, children with higher serum thyroglobulin concentrations had significantly higher hearing thresholds in the higher frequency range (> or = 2000 Hz) than children with lower serum thyroglobulin concentrations. |
Attias et al. (2012) [68] | Israel | Case series | 11 | 2–5 months (follow-up period: 6–8 year) | ABR, PTA | Thiamine | Human infantile thiamine deficiency may be uniquely associated with dysfunctions of the cochlea or auditory nerve, and/or auditory brainstem pathways. |
Authors and Reference | Country | Study Design | n | Age | Nutritional Factor | Outcome/Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brooks et al. (2005) [69] | Bangladesh | Randomized controlled trial | 1621 (Zinc = 809, placebo = 52) | 2–12 month | Zinc : randomly assigned zinc (70 mg) or placebo orally once weekly for 12 months. | There were significantly fewer incidents of SOM in the zinc group than the control group (relative risk 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.82, p = 0.02). |
Golz et al. (2001) [70] | Israel | Observational clinical trial | 880 (frequent AOM = 680, healthy = 200) | 18 month–4 year | Iron | IDA children had more episodes of acute otitis media when compared with children with average levels. By increasing the hemoglobin level in these children, the frequency of the episodes of acute otitis media decreased significantly. |
Tunnessen et al. (1987) [71] | USA | Longitudinal | 167 (cow’s mink = 69, Iron-fortified formula=98) | 6–12 month | Iron (serum ferritin levels) | No significant differences in frequency of otitis media. |
D’Saouza et al. (2002) [72] | Australia | meta-analysis | 1028 (Vit. A = 492, placebo = 536) | 6 month–13 year | Vit. A | Vit. A does have a beneficial effect on reduction of OM (RR = 0.26 95% CI = 0.05–0.92). |
Ogaro et al. (1993) [73] | Kenya | randomized controlled trial | 294 (Vit. A = 146, placebo = 148) | <5 year | Vit. A | Lower rates of OM in Vit. A supplementation (RR 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06–0.90, p = 0.03). |
Lasisi (2008) [74] | Nigeria | Case-control study | 316 (case = 264, control = 52) | 6 month–11 year | Vit. A(retinol) | Retinol supplementation is a possible nutritional approach to control SOM (p = 0.000). |
Sarmila et al. (2001) [75] | India | Case-control study | 300 (case = 150, control = 150) | 5–14 year | Vit. A | Increased frequency of Vit. A deficiency with CSOM. |
Durand et al. (1997) [76] | USA | prospective, observational study | 200 | 3–5 year | Vit. A | The status of Vit. A and related compounds in children appeared to have no effect on the incidence of otitis media. |
Linday et al. (2002) [77] | USA | Pilot study | 8 | 0.8–4.4 year | Vit. A, Se | Fewer days of antibiotics for OM during Vit. A and Se supplementation. |
Cemek et al. (2005) [78] | Turkey | Comparative study | 50 (AOM = 23, AT = 27) | 2–7 year | Vit. A (β-carotene, retinol), C, E | AOM and AT tissue may react differently to oxidative stress. |
Omonov (1997) [79] | Uzbekistan | Cross-sectional study | 48 | 3–15 year | Multi-vitamin, minerals | Reduced levels of iron, zinc, selenium and bromine in children with CSOM. |
Jones et al. (2006) [80] | Australia | Longitudinal historical control study | 15 | 4–11 year | Multi-vitamin, minerals | Mean antibiotic prescriptions for OM decreased from seven to 1 per month. |
Daly et al. (1999) [81] | USA | Longitudinal study | 596 | 0–6 month | Multi-vitamin, minerals | Among prenatal exposures, only high prenatal dietary Vit. C intake was significantly inversely related to early AOM with univariate but not multivariate analysis. |
Dobó et al. (1998) [82] | Hungary | randomized double-blind trial | 625 (multi-vitamin = 323, trace elements = 302) | 2–6 year | Folic acid-containing multi-vitamin | Higher incidence of AOM in the multi-vitamin group. |
Karabaev (1997) [83] | Russia | Longitudinal study | Not known | 6 month–15 year | Vit. A (retinol), C (ascorbic acid), E (α-tocopherol) | The beneficial effect in SOM. |
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Jung, S.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Yeo, S.G. Association of Nutritional Factors with Hearing Loss. Nutrients 2019, 11, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020307
Jung SY, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Association of Nutritional Factors with Hearing Loss. Nutrients. 2019; 11(2):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020307
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung, Su Young, Sang Hoon Kim, and Seung Geun Yeo. 2019. "Association of Nutritional Factors with Hearing Loss" Nutrients 11, no. 2: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020307