Comparison of 24-h Diet Records, 24-h Urine, and Duplicate Diets for Estimating Dietary Intakes of Potassium, Sodium, and Iodine in Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Recruitment
2.2. Demographic Data
2.3. 24-h Diet Records and Duplicate Diets
2.4. Urine Sample and Urinary Sodium, Potassium, and Iodine Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | N (%) a |
---|---|
Age, years | 9.6 (0.7) |
Sex, female | 41 (48.8) |
Ethnicity | |
NZEO b | 73 (86.9) |
Māori or Pacific | 11 (13.1) |
School decile, median (25th, 75th percentile) | 8 (6, 9) |
N b | Sodium (mg) | Potassium (mg) | Iodine (μg) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
24-h urine a,b, mean (SD) | 82 | 2119 (439) | 1414 (345) | 74 (17) |
24-h record a, mean (SD) | 84 | 2223 (152) | 2108 (111) | 52 (6) |
Duplicate diet a,b, mean (SD) | 37 | 1886 (405) b | 2172 (593) b | 95 (18) |
Mean differences a (95% CI) | ||||
24-h record -24-h urine | 82 | 138 (−118, 394) | 773 (557, 990) | −18 (−28, −7) |
duplicate diet -24-h urine | 36 | −237 (−542, 69) b | 863 (543, 1183) b | 24 (8, 40) |
duplicate diet -24-h record | 37 | −250 (−471, −29) b | 254 (−10, 519) b | 43 (29, 57) |
Mean differences (95%CI) for participants with all three measures a | ||||
24-h record -24-h urine | 34 | 22 (−363, 407) | 606 (320, 902) | −20 (−35, −5) |
duplicate diet -24-h urine | 34 | −237 (−542, 69) | 863 (543, 1183) | 24 (8, 40) |
duplicate diet -24-h record | 34 | −259 (−486, −32) | 257 (−16, 549) | 44 (29, 58) |
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Peniamina, R.; Skeaff, S.; Haszard, J.J.; McLean, R. Comparison of 24-h Diet Records, 24-h Urine, and Duplicate Diets for Estimating Dietary Intakes of Potassium, Sodium, and Iodine in Children. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2927. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122927
Peniamina R, Skeaff S, Haszard JJ, McLean R. Comparison of 24-h Diet Records, 24-h Urine, and Duplicate Diets for Estimating Dietary Intakes of Potassium, Sodium, and Iodine in Children. Nutrients. 2019; 11(12):2927. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122927
Chicago/Turabian StylePeniamina, Rana, Sheila Skeaff, Jillian J. Haszard, and Rachael McLean. 2019. "Comparison of 24-h Diet Records, 24-h Urine, and Duplicate Diets for Estimating Dietary Intakes of Potassium, Sodium, and Iodine in Children" Nutrients 11, no. 12: 2927. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122927