Effect of High-Dose Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author, Year, Location, Reference | Number of Participants Treatment/Control | Age (years) Treatment/Control | Characteristics of the Participants | Use of Statin | Use of Placebo | Dose and Type of OM3 (g/day) | Purity of OM3 (%) | Duration of Intervention (months) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alfaddagh, 2017, US [17] | 143/142 | 63 ± 8 vs. 64 ± 8 | CHD or CV risk factor | Yes | No | 1.86 EPA + 1.50 DHA | 90% | 30 |
Bhatia, 2016, UK [27] | 51/52 | 49 ± 11 vs. 54 ± 9 | NAFLD | No | Yes | 1.368 EPA + 1.656 DHA | 90% | 15 to 18 |
Mita, 2006, Japan [26] | 40/41 | 59 ± 11 vs. 61 ± 8 | T2DM | No | No | 1.8 EPA | >98% | 25 ± 2 |
Niki, 2016, Japan [19] | 48/47 | 68 ± 10 vs. 69 ± 11 | CHD and DL | Yes | No | 1.8 EPA | >98% | 6 |
Nishio, 2014, Japan [18] | 25/27 | 61 ± 13 vs. 64 ± 10 | CHD and DL | Yes | No | 1.8 EPA | >98% | 9 |
Watanabe, 2017, Japan [20] | 122/119 | 67 ± 10 vs. 68 ± 10 | CHD | Yes | No | 1.8 EPA | >98% | 6 to 8 |
First Author, Year, Country, Reference | Imaging Techniques | Primary Outcome | Baseline Measurement Treatment vs. Control Groups | Difference in Primary Outcome between the End of Intervention and Baseline in Each of Treatment and Control Groups Treatment vs. Control Groups | Net Difference between Intervention and Control Groups | p-Value for Net Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alfaddagh, 2017, US [17] | cCTA | Percent change in non-calcified plaque volume (%) | 26.4 (14.3, 39.7) vs. 23.7 (14.3, 36.8) | 1.71 ± 19.9 vs. 4.75 ± 16.44 | −3.04 | 0.14 |
Bhatia, 2016, UK [27] | B-Mode ultrasound | Change in mean carotid IMT (mm) | 0.649 ± 0.095 vs. 0.674 ± 0.098 | 0.0124 ± 0.0115 vs. 0.0157 ± 0.0138 | −0.003 | 0.17 |
Mita, 2006, Japan [26] | B-mode ultrasound | Annual change in maximum carotid IMT (mm/year) | 1.505 ± 0.412 vs. 1.706 ± 0.423 | −0.084 ± 0.113 vs. −0.005 ± 0.108 | −0.079 | <0.01 |
Niki, 2016, Japan [19] | IVUS | Change in lipid plaque volume (mm3) | 18.5 ± 1.3 vs. 17.8 ± 1.3 | −3.5 ± 0.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.0 | −5.0 | <0.01 |
Nishio, 2014, Japan [18] | OCT | Change in fibrous-cap thickness (um) | 47.5 ± 7.4 vs. 46.5 ± 10.9 | −54.8 ± 27.9 vs. −23.5 ± 11.6 | −31.3 | <0.01 |
Watanabe, 2017, Japan [20] | IVUS | Change in normalized total atheroma volume (mm3) | 74.2 (55.9, 99.2) vs. 74.2 (57.5, 96.8) | −8.49 ± 2.37 vs. −2.90 ± 4.74 | −5.59 | <0.01 |
Study | Selection Bias | Performance bias | Detection Bias | Attrition Bias | Reporting Bias | Other Bias | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random Sequence Generation | Allocation Concealment | Blinding of Participants and Personnel | Blinding of Outcome Assessment | Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Outcome Reporting | Other Source of Bias | Low on Risk of Bias | |
Alfaddagh, 2017, US [17] | low | high | high | low | low | low | low | 5/7 |
Bhatia, 2016, UK [27] | low | unclear | low | low | low | low | low | 6/7 |
Mita, 2006, Japan [26] | unclear | unclear | high | low | low | unclear | low | 3/7 |
Niki, 2016, Japan [19] | low | low | high | low | low | low | low | 6/7 |
Nishio, 2014, Japan [18] | unclear | unclear | high | low | low | unclear | low | 3/7 |
Watanabe, 2017, Japan [20] | low | high | high | unclear | low | low | low | 4/7 |
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Sekikawa, A.; Cui, C.; Sugiyama, D.; Fabio, A.; Harris, W.S.; Zhang, X. Effect of High-Dose Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2599. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112599
Sekikawa A, Cui C, Sugiyama D, Fabio A, Harris WS, Zhang X. Effect of High-Dose Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2599. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112599
Chicago/Turabian StyleSekikawa, Akira, Chendi Cui, Daisuke Sugiyama, Anthony Fabio, William S. Harris, and Xiao Zhang. 2019. "Effect of High-Dose Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2599. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112599