Breast Milk Supply of MicroRNA Associated with Leptin and Adiponectin Is Affected by Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Influences Infancy BMI
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Milk Sample Collection
2.2. miRNA Analysis
2.3. Analytical Methods
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Expression Levels of miRNAs and Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations in Breast Milk
3.3. In Silico Analysis of Potential miRNA Target Genes
3.4. Association Analysis of miRNAs with Key Parameters
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | Statistical Analysis | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Min | Max | Mean | SD | N | Min | Max | Mean | SD | N | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Overall | Normal/Obese Weight | ||
miR-148a | Whole | 52 | 0.004 | 237.21 | 21.98 | 45.40 | 53 | 0.061 | 69.52 | 11.28 | 13.73 | 55 | 0.029 | 88.37 | 11.13 | 15.46 | ||
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.004 | 124.38 | 15.77 | 24.35 | 36 | 0.063 | 69.52 | 11.69 | 14.62 | 36 | 0.262 | 62.59 | 10.54 | 12.13 | |||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.018 | 237.21 | 33.71 | 69.36 | 17 | 0.061 | 42.12 | 10.41 | 12.02 | 19 | 0.029 | 88.37 | 12.24 | 20.72 | |||
miR-181a | Whole | 53 | 0.024 | 34.72 | 2.93 | 5.36 | 54 | 0.060 | 53.90 | 3.33 | 10.11 | 55 | 0.041 | 14.48 | 1.49 | 2.22 | ||
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.024 | 10.14 | 1.99 | 2.14 | 36 | 0.060 | 7.97 | 1.61 | 1.94 | 36 | 0.067 | 7.64 | 1.38 | 1.41 | |||
Overweight/obese | 19 | 0.115 | 34.72 | 4.63 | 8.36 | 18 | 0.068 | 53.90 | 6.78 | 17.09 | 19 | 0.041 | 14.48 | 1.69 | 3.29 | |||
miR-222 | Whole | 51 | 0.017 | 31.63 | 2.99 a | 5.89 | 53 | 0.032 | 6.46 | 1.04 a,b | 1.14 | 54 | 0.024 | 9.75 | 1.20 b | 1.63 | T (p = 0.020) | |
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.017 | 12.48 | 1.88 | 2.43 | 35 | 0.065 | 6.46 | 1.10 | 1.20 | 36 | 0.056 | 2.46 | 0.96 | 0.73 | T (p = 0.006) | ||
Overweight/obese | 17 | 0.108 | 31.63 | 5.22 a | 9.40 | 18 | 0.032 | 4.09 | 0.94 ab | 1.05 | 18 | 0.024 | 9.75 | 1.70 b | 2.60 | T (p = 0.029) | ||
miR-103 | Whole | 52 | 0.019 | 21.09 | 2.21 a | 3.81 | 54 | 0.036 | 7.05 | 0.90 b | 1.25 | 54 | 0.013 | 7.70 | 0.91 b | 1.28 | T (p = 0.019) | |
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.019 | 11.80 | 1.60 | 2.27 | 36 | 0.036 | 7.05 | 1.05 | 1.47 | 36 | 0.053 | 4.52 | 0.85 | 0.91 | TxW (p = 0.022) | ||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.105 | 21.09 | 3.36 a | 5.61 | 18 | 0.070 | 2.02 | 0.59 b | 0.52 | 18 | 0.013 | 7.70 | 1.03 b | 1.83 | T (p = 0.017) | ||
miR-30a | Whole | 51 | 0.474 | 410.65 | 47.84 | 71.53 | 53 | 0.355 | 220.17 | 37.26 | 41.28 | 55 | 1.66 | 510.41 | 54.88 | 78.87 | ||
Normal-weight | 33 | 0.474 | 112.54 | 34.48 a | 34.18 | 35 | 1.64 | 220.17 | 39.04 b | 44.04 | 36 | 2.85 | 252.94 | 52.31 b | 51.76 | TxW (p = 0.023) | T (p = 0.008) | |
Overweight/obese | 18 | 1.70 | 410.65 | 72.33 | 108.94 | 18 | 0.355 | 128.04 | 33.81 | 36.27 | 19 | 1.66 | 510.41 | 59.75 | 115.82 | |||
miR-27a | Whole | 52 | 0.004 | 4.68 | 0.40 | 0.81 | 54 | 0.008 | 1.84 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 55 | 0.008 | 4.09 | 0.23 | 0.56 | ||
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.004 | 1.56 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 36 | 0.009 | 0.67 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 36 | 0.016 | 0.91 | 0.17 | 0.21 | T (p = 0.049) | ||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.056 | 4.68 | 0.70 | 1.29 | 18 | 0.008 | 1.84 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 19 | 0.008 | 4.09 | 0.35 | 0.92 | |||
miR-27b | Whole | 52 | 0.003 | 1.44 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 54 | 0.002 | 1.50 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 52 | 0.002 | 0.65 | 0.08 | 0.11 | ||
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.003 | 0.89 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 36 | 0.002 | 0.57 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 35 | 0.003 | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.08 | T (p = 0.022) | ||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.007 | 1.44 | 0.26 | 0.39 | 18 | 0.004 | 1.50 | 0.14 | 0.34 | 17 | 0.002 | 0.65 | 0.09 | 0.16 | |||
miR-200b | Whole | 52 | 0.041 | 78.38 | 9.06 a | 14.69 | 49 | 0.002 | 24.40 | 3.68 b | 4.48 | 53 | 0.066 | 40.98 | 5.87 ab | 7.71 | T (p = 0.026) | |
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.088 | 36.53 | 6.87 | 8.35 | 32 | 0.007 | 24.40 | 4.33 | 5.17 | 34 | 0.138 | 23.98 | 5.46 | 5.12 | |||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.041 | 78.38 | 13.20 | 22.01 | 17 | 0.002 | 8.00 | 2.46 | 2.46 | 19 | 0.066 | 40.98 | 6.60 | 11.07 | |||
miR-let7a | Whole | 51 | 0.063 | 56.35 | 5.44 | 10.03 | 48 | 0.058 | 18.65 | 2.64 | 3.74 | 51 | 0.050 | 26.57 | 3.25 | 4.56 | ||
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.063 | 29.79 | 3.85 | 5.78 | 31 | 0.058 | 18.65 | 3.06 | 4.33 | 33 | 0.050 | 8.91 | 2.50 | 2.01 | TxW (p = 0.045) | ||
Overweight/obese | 17 | 0.200 | 56.35 | 8.62 a | 15.14 | 17 | 0.063 | 8.38 | 1.87 b | 2.24 | 18 | 0.079 | 26.57 | 4.62 ab | 7.11 | |||
miR-17 | Whole | 52 | 0.047 | 34.02 | 4.88 a | 6.39 | 52 | 0.083 | 17.68 | 2.55 b | 3.31 | 55 | 0.069 | 17.34 | 2.95 b | 3.42 | T (p = 0.029) | |
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.047 | 21.32 | 4.01 | 4.50 | 34 | 0.083 | 17.68 | 2.94 | 3.79 | 36 | 0.126 | 13.37 | 2.78 | 2.74 | TxW (p = 0.034) | ||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.144 | 34.02 | 6.52 a | 8.89 | 18 | 0.180 | 6.48 | 1.80 b | 2.01 | 19 | 0.069 | 17.34 | 3.27 ab | 4.50 | T (p = 0.048) | ||
miR-let7b | Whole | 52 | 0.157 | 244.25 | 26.50 | 41.50 | 54 | 0.316 | 85.16 | 14.79 | 17.44 | 55 | 0.584 | 89.15 | 16.86 | 19.25 | ||
Normal-weight | 34 | 0.157 | 93.52 | 19.64 | 19.91 | 36 | 0.316 | 85.16 | 16.77 | 19.66 | 36 | 0.584 | 89.15 | 15.94 | 16.30 | |||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.659 | 244.25 | 39.47 | 64.23 | 18 | 0.773 | 39.07 | 10.83 | 11.30 | 19 | 0.714 | 83.21 | 18.60 | 24.30 | |||
miR-let7c | Whole | 51 | 0.035 | 23.88 | 2.88 a | 4.54 | 54 | 0.024 | 9.21 | 1.37 ab | 1.76 | 55 | 0.053 | 7.04 | 1.27 b | 1.48 | T (p = 0.014) | |
Normal-weight | 33 | 0.035 | 9.31 | 2.10 | 1.97 | 36 | 0.024 | 6.70 | 1.41 | 1.62 | 36 | 0.053 | 5.85 | 1.19 | 1.12 | T (p = 0.016) | ||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.079 | 23.88 | 4.32 a | 7.07 | 18 | 0.067 | 9.21 | 1.30 a,b | 2.07 | 19 | 0.057 | 7.04 | 1.44 b | 2.03 | |||
miR-146b | Whole | 50 | 0.148 | 354.36 | 35.70 a | 65.49 | 48 | 0.427 | 62.18 | 12.02 b | 12.85 | 53 | 0.034 | 78.81 | 14.77 b | 17.66 | T (p = 0.008) | |
Normal-weight | 32 | 0.148 | 103.03 | 24.10 a | 29.06 | 31 | 0.448 | 62.18 | 13.26 b | 13.15 | 34 | 0.034 | 44.90 | 13.32 b | 12.60 | T (p = 0.001) | T (p = 0.029) | |
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.890 | 354.36 | 56.31 a | 100.61 | 17 | 0.427 | 40.83 | 9.75 b | 12.33 | 19 | 0.090 | 78.81 | 17.37 b | 24.48 | T (p = 0.027) |
Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | Statistical Analysis | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Min | Max | Mean | SD | N | Min | Max | Mean | SD | N | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Overall | Normal/Obese Weight | ||
Leptin (ng/mL) | Whole | 53 | 0.020 | 1.92 | 0.376 a | 0.353 | 55 | 0.003 | 1.18 | 0.341 b | 0.314 | 54 | 0.003 | 1.45 | 0.346 b | 0.333 | Normal/Obese weight | T (p = 0.010) |
Normal-weight | 35 | 0.020 | 0.60 | 0.235 a | 0.153 | 36 | 0.003 | 0.98 | 0.242 b | 0.242 | 35 | 0.020 | 1.08 | 0.209 b | 0.195 | T (p = 0.030); W (p = 0.000) | ||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 0.156 | 1.92 | 0.652 | 0.462 | 19 | 0.020 | 1.18 | 0.529 | 0.355 | 19 | 0.003 | 1.45 | 0.597 | 0.388 | |||
Adiponectin (ng/mL) | Whole | 53 | 8.90 | 48.50 | 23.39 | 7.57 | 55 | 7.30 | 44.10 | 20.83 | 6.61 | 53 | 9.30 | 65.70 | 20.32 | 8.02 | T (p = 0.000) | |
Normal-weight | 35 | 10.70 | 48.50 | 23.16 a | 7.97 | 36 | 7.30 | 44.10 | 19.19 b | 7.03 | 35 | 9.30 | 26.80 | 18.81 b | 4.62 | TxW (p = 0.035) | ||
Overweight/obese | 18 | 8.90 | 34.00 | 23.03 | 6.94 | 19 | 10.00 | 31.50 | 22.37 | 5.58 | 18 | 13.30 | 65.70 | 23.38 | 11.80 |
Adiponectin | miR-30a | miR-27a | miR-27b | miR-148a | miR-let7a | miR-let7b | miR-103 | miR-17 | miR-181a | miR-222 | miR-let7c | miR-146b | miR-200b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leptin | Whole | r | 0.214 | −0.195 | −0.092 | −0.165 | −0.064 | −0.146 | −0.151 | −0.325 * | −0.198 | −0.172 | −0.162 | −0.110 | −0.263 | −0.184 |
p | 0.117 | 0.161 | 0.508 | 0.233 | 0.647 | 0.322 | 0.275 | 0.016 | 0.160 | 0.214 | 0.246 | 0.428 | 0.071 | 0.206 | ||
Normal-weight | r | 0.089 | −0.454 ** | −0.380 * | −0.410 * | −0.150 | −0.328 | −0.276 | −0.574 ** | −0.419 * | −0.470 ** | −0.471 ** | −0.261 | −0.473 ** | −0.297 | |
p | 0.605 | 0.006 | 0.022 | 0.013 | 0.381 | 0.072 | 0.103 | 0.000 | 0.014 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.125 | 0.007 | 0.098 | ||
Overweight/Obese | r | 0.136 | 0.159 | 0.352 | 0.180 | 0.112 | 0.170 | 0.248 | 0.114 | 0.301 | 0.267 | 0.386 | 0.214 | 0.139 | 0.055 | |
p | 0.580 | 0.529 | 0.152 | 0.476 | 0.670 | 0.513 | 0.321 | 0.654 | 0.224 | 0.283 | 0.113 | 0.394 | 0.596 | 0.833 | ||
Adiponectin | Whole | r | 1,000 | −0.345 * | −0.123 | −0.198 | −0.353 ** | −0.374 ** | −0.403 ** | −0.365 ** | −0.425 ** | −0.275 * | −0.310 * | −0.329* | −0.293 * | −0.248 |
p | 0.011 | 0.374 | 0.152 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.044 | 0.024 | 0.015 | 0.043 | 0.086 | |||
Normal-weight | r | 1,000 | −0.325 | −0.071 | −0.134 | −0.388 * | −0.467 ** | −0.384 * | −0.393* | −0.418 * | −0.204 | −0.299 | −0.319 | −0.240 | −0.207 | |
p | 0.057 | 0.682 | 0.435 | 0.019 | 0.008 | 0.021 | 0.018 | 0.014 | 0.232 | 0.081 | 0.058 | 0.193 | 0.255 | |||
Overweight/Obese | r | 1,000 | −0.209 | −0.184 | −0.291 | −0.222 | −0.006 | −0.151 | −0.180 | −0.250 | −0.164 | −0.163 | −0.313 | −0.085 | −0.098 | |
p | 0.406 | 0.465 | 0.241 | 0.392 | 0.981 | 0.550 | 0.476 | 0.317 | 0.515 | 0.518 | 0.206 | 0.747 | 0.708 | |||
BMI24 | Whole | r | 0.125 | −0.246 | −0.167 | −0.218 | −0.252 | −0.326 * | −0.278 | −0.425 ** | −0.298 * | −0.238 | −0.298 * | −0.331 * | −0.287 | −0.347 * |
p | 0.380 | 0.085 | 0.245 | 0.129 | 0.081 | 0.031 | 0.051 | 0.002 | 0.040 | 0.096 | 0.037 | 0.019 | 0.059 | 0.020 | ||
Normal-weight | r | 0.199 | −0.302 | −0.196 | −0.276 | −0.207 | −0.296 | −0.313 | −0.521 ** | −0.427 * | −0.347 * | −0.385 * | −0.360 * | −0.422 * | −0.327 | |
p | 0.260 | 0.082 | 0.267 | 0.114 | 0.239 | 0.120 | 0.071 | 0.002 | 0.015 | 0.044 | 0.027 | 0.036 | 0.023 | 0.078 | ||
Overweight/Obese | r | −0.124 | −0.224 | −0.179 | −0.071 | −0.377 | −0.379 | −0.285 | −0.265 | −0.171 | −0.106 | −0.138 | −0.276 | −0.218 | −0.318 | |
p | 0.636 | 0.405 | 0.506 | 0.795 | 0.166 | 0.164 | 0.284 | 0.322 | 0.528 | 0.696 | 0.610 | 0.300 | 0.435 | 0.248 |
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Zamanillo, R.; Sánchez, J.; Serra, F.; Palou, A. Breast Milk Supply of MicroRNA Associated with Leptin and Adiponectin Is Affected by Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Influences Infancy BMI. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2589. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112589
Zamanillo R, Sánchez J, Serra F, Palou A. Breast Milk Supply of MicroRNA Associated with Leptin and Adiponectin Is Affected by Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Influences Infancy BMI. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2589. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112589
Chicago/Turabian StyleZamanillo, Rocío, Juana Sánchez, Francisca Serra, and Andreu Palou. 2019. "Breast Milk Supply of MicroRNA Associated with Leptin and Adiponectin Is Affected by Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Influences Infancy BMI" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2589. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112589