Postprandial Effects of Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Consumption on Glucose Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, and Perceived Appetite in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Study Treatments
2.4. Study Day Visit Procedures
2.5. Biological Sample Collection and Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Subject Characteristics
3.2. Glucose Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, and Perceived Appetite
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Beverage | ||
---|---|---|
Whole Blueberries | Placebo Gel | |
Energy, kcal | 80 | 78 |
Water, g | 120 | 117 |
Fat, g | 0.24 | 0 |
Protein, g | 0 | 0 |
Carbohydrate, g | 18 | 18 |
Sugars, g | 10.3 | 11.1 |
Sucrose, g | 0 | 0 |
Glucose, g | 4.8 | 5.3 |
Fructose, g | 5.5 | 5.8 |
Fiber, g | 6.2 | 6.2 |
Phenolics, g | 720 | 0 |
Anthocyanins, mg | 401 | 0 |
Total 2 | Range | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 47 ± 15 | 21–63 |
Height (cm) | 165.3 ± 12.3 | 143.0–188.0 |
Weight (kg) | 64.3 ± 13.1 | 48.0–96.2 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 19.5–30.2 |
Body fat (%) | 23.2 ± 7.0 | 13.1–34.8 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 115.9 ± 6.3 | 102–124 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75.1 ± 7.3 | 55–86 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 4.1–5.4 |
Insulin (pmol/L) | 38.5 ± 14.2 | 14.0–66.0 |
Subjective physical activity level (%) | ||
Mild exercise | 12 | |
Occasional vigorous exercise | 29 | |
Regular vigorous exercise | 59 | |
Ethnicity (%) | ||
White, not Hispanic | 100 |
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Stote, K.; Corkum, A.; Sweeney, M.; Shakerley, N.; Kean, T.; Gottschall-Pass, K. Postprandial Effects of Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Consumption on Glucose Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, and Perceived Appetite in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019, 11, 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010202
Stote K, Corkum A, Sweeney M, Shakerley N, Kean T, Gottschall-Pass K. Postprandial Effects of Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Consumption on Glucose Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, and Perceived Appetite in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2019; 11(1):202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010202
Chicago/Turabian StyleStote, Kim, Adele Corkum, Marva Sweeney, Nicole Shakerley, Terri Kean, and Katherine Gottschall-Pass. 2019. "Postprandial Effects of Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Consumption on Glucose Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, and Perceived Appetite in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial" Nutrients 11, no. 1: 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010202