Autoantibodies in the Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease
1
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA
2
Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
3
Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2018, 10(8), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081123
Received: 1 August 2018
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Revised: 15 August 2018
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Accepted: 17 August 2018
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Published: 20 August 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraintestinal Manifestations of Coeliac Disease)
Increased antibody reactivity towards self-antigens is often indicative of a disruption of homeostatic immune pathways in the body. In celiac disease, an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten from wheat and related cereals in genetically predisposed individuals, autoantibody reactivity to transglutaminase 2 is reflective of the pathogenic role of the enzyme in driving the associated inflammatory immune response. Autoantibody reactivity to transglutaminase 2 closely corresponds with the gluten intake and clinical presentation in affected patients, serving as a highly useful biomarker in the diagnosis of celiac disease. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, celiac disease is associated with a number of extraintestinal manifestations, including those affecting skin, bones, and the nervous system. Investigations of these manifestations in celiac disease have identified a number of associated immune abnormalities, including B cell reactivity towards various autoantigens, such as transglutaminase 3, transglutaminase 6, synapsin I, gangliosides, and collagen. Clinical relevance, pathogenic potential, mechanism of development, and diagnostic and prognostic value of the various identified autoantibody reactivities continue to be subjects of investigation and will be reviewed here.
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Keywords:
celiac disease; gluten; gliadin; autoantibody; B cell; T cell; transglutaminase; synapsin; ganglioside; gluten sensitivity; gastrointestinal symptoms; molecular mimicry; intermolecular help; biomarker
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MDPI and ACS Style
Yu, X.B.; Uhde, M.; Green, P.H.; Alaedini, A. Autoantibodies in the Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081123
AMA Style
Yu XB, Uhde M, Green PH, Alaedini A. Autoantibodies in the Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2018; 10(8):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081123
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Xuechen B., Melanie Uhde, Peter H. Green, and Armin Alaedini. 2018. "Autoantibodies in the Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease" Nutrients 10, no. 8: 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081123
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