Herbs and Spices in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Peppermint Oil
3.2. STW 5 (Iberogast)
3.3. Turmeric
3.4. Cannabis
3.5. Aloe Vera
3.6. Ginger
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | N | Age (Years) | Primary Outcome | Dose | Type of Study | Length of Treatment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kline et al. [12] | 42 | 8–17 | Severity of pain | Capsule: 187 mg of peppermint oil 30–45 kg: 1 capsule TID >45 kg: 2 capsules TID | Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial | 2 weeks | 75% reduction in severity of pain (p < 0.001) |
Asgarshirazi et al. [13] | 88 | 4–13 | Duration, frequency, and severity of pain | Capsule: 187 mg of peppermint oil <45 kg: 1 capsule TID >45 kg: 2 capsules TID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 1 month | Duration, frequency, and severity of pain was significantly reduced (p = 0.0001) (p = 0.0001) (p = 0.001) |
Cappello et al. [14] | 57 | 18–80 | Reduction of IBS symptoms | 225 mg of peppermint oil. 2 capsules BID | Randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 4 weeks | 75% of the patients in the peppermint oil group had reduced IBS symptoms (p < 0.009) |
Merat et al. [15] | 60 | 36 ± 12 | Absence of abdominal pain or discomfort at week 8 | 0.2 mL peppermint oil TID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 8 weeks | 14 participants became pain free by week 8, vs. 6 in the control group (p < 0.001) |
Alam et al. [16] | 65 | Age unknown | Abdominal symptoms Changes of quality of life | Peppermint oil TID | Randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 6 weeks | Abdominal pain was improved by peppermint oil use (p > 0.001) Quality of life did not improve significantly |
Cash et al. [17] | 72 | 18–60 | Change in symptoms score | 180 mg Peppermint oil TID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 4 weeks | Greater reduction of symptoms in the peppermint group (p = 0.0246) |
Author | N | Age (Years) | Primary Outcome | Dose | Type of Study | Length of Treatment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Madisch et al. [24] | 208 | 43.6 ± 12.9 | Changes in total abdominal pain scores Changes in irritable bowel syndrome symptom scores | 20 drops TID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 4 weeks | STW 5 reduced pain and IBS symptoms Pain: (p = 0.0009) IBS symptoms (p = 0.001) |
von Arnim et al. [25] | 308 | 18–80 | Change in Gastrointestinal Symptom Score (GIS) | 20 drops TID | Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 8 weeks | GIS improved during STW 5 treatment (p < 0.05) |
Braden et al. [26] | 103 | 18–85 | Change in Gastrointestinal Symptom Score (GIS) | 20 drops TID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial | 28 days | GIS improved more in the STW 5 group (p = 0.08) |
Raedsch et al. [27] | 272 | 5–92 | Time to onset of symptom improvement after STW 5 dose | 20 drops TID | Noninterventional (observational) trial | 3 weeks | Patients experienced an improvement within 15–30 min after each STW 5 dose |
Author | N | Age (Years) | Primary Outcome | Dose | Type of Study | Length of Treatment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bundy et al. [36] | 207 | “Majority were over 50 years old” | IBS prevalence Abdominal pain/discomfort scores | 72 mg (1 tablet) or 144 mg (2 tablets) daily | Randomized, partially blinded, two-dose, pilot trial | 8 weeks | IBS prevalence decreased in both groups (p < 0.001) Abdominal pain/discomfort (p < 0.071) |
Brinkhaus, et al. [37] | 106 | Mean age 48 +/−12 | Changes in ratings of IBS-related pain and distension | Curcuma Xanthorriza: 20 mg (1 tablet) TID Fumaria officinalis: 250 mg (2 tablets) TID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 18 weeks | IBS-related pain increased in the curcuma group (p = 0.81) IBS-related distension decreased in the curcuma group (p = 0.48) |
Lauche, et al. [38] | 32 | 50.3 ± 11.9 | IBS symptom intensity | 5 g BID | Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial | 4 weeks | No differences in IBS symptom intensity (p = 0.26) |
Author | N | Age (Years) | Primary Outcome | Dose | Type of Study | Length of Treatment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Klooker, et al. [47] | 22 | 20–52 | Sensory threshold | 5 or 10 mg daily | Randomized double-blind, crossover trial | 2 days | Dronabinol did not significantly affect sensory threshold for discomfort (No p value listed) |
Wong, et al. [48] | 75 | 18–67 | Sensation during fasting and after a meal | 2.5 or 5 mg BID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial | 1 day | Dronabinol did not impact Sensation Gas (p = 0.39) Pain (p = 0.43) |
Author | N | Age (Years) | Primary Outcome | Dose | Type of Study | Length of Treatment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Davis et al. [51] | 58 | 18–65 | Change in global summated symptom score | 50 Ml QID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 3 months | No overall benefit for aloe vera versus placebo (p = 0.08) |
Hutchings et al. [52] | 110 | 47.0 (SD 13.7) | Patient quality of life | 60 mL BID | Randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo controlled trial | 5 months | Aloe vera not shown to be superior to placebo (p > 0.05) |
Størsrud et al. [53] | 68 | 18–65 | Subjects with reduction of ≥50 points on the IBS-SSS questionnaire | 250 mg BID | Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial | 4 weeks | Reduced symptom severity in the aloe vera group (p = 0.003) |
Author | N | Age (Years) | Primary Outcome | Dose | Type of Study | Length of Treatment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
van Tilburg et al. [57] | 45 | ≥18 | 25% reduction in IBS-SS post-treatment | 1 g or 2 g ginger daily | Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial | 28 days | Ginger did not perform better than placebo: (p > 0.05) (57.1% responded to placebo) (46.7% responded to one gram of ginger) (33.3% responded to two grams of ginger) |
Yuki et al. [58] | 10 | 34–85 | Safety and efficacy of DKT for abdominal bloating | 15 g TID | Randomized, prospective trial | 14 days | VAS score was reduced from 76 to 30: (p = 0.005) |
Hu et al. [59] | 11 | Not listed | Gastric half-emptying time Abdominal symptoms | 1.2 g ginger root powder | Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial | 2 days | Gastric emptying was more rapid after ginger than placebo (p ≤ 0.05) No significant changes in nausea/abdominal discomfort from baseline (No p value listed) |
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Fifi, A.C.; Axelrod, C.H.; Chakraborty, P.; Saps, M. Herbs and Spices in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111715
Fifi AC, Axelrod CH, Chakraborty P, Saps M. Herbs and Spices in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2018; 10(11):1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111715
Chicago/Turabian StyleFifi, Amanda C., Cara Hannah Axelrod, Partha Chakraborty, and Miguel Saps. 2018. "Herbs and Spices in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials" Nutrients 10, no. 11: 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111715
APA StyleFifi, A. C., Axelrod, C. H., Chakraborty, P., & Saps, M. (2018). Herbs and Spices in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 10(11), 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111715