Dietary Intake in Population with Metabolic Syndrome: Is the Prevalence of Inadequate Intake Influenced by Geographical Area? Cross-Sectional Analysis from PREDIMED-Plus Study

Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain

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Human Nutrition Unit, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, 08001 Barcelona, Spain

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Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, 03202 Alicante, Spain

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Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain

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Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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Department of Public Health, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29016 Málaga, Spain

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Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain

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Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain

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Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

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Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain

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Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain

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Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria, 41013 Sevilla, Spain

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Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain

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Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain

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CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain

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Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain

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Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain

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Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, 31002 Pamplona, Spain

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Primary Care Division of Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salud-IDIAP Jordi Gol, 08007 Barcelona, Spain

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Nutrients 2018, 10(11), 1661; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111661

Received: 15 October 2018 / Revised: 28 October 2018 / Accepted: 31 October 2018 / Published: 4 November 2018

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Abstract

Inadequate diet influences chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in Spain. CVD figures vary from one geographical region to another; this could be associated with different food choices. Our aim was to analyse the influence of geographical area on nutrient intakes among the Spanish adult population with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). We analysed cross-sectional baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus study: 6646 Spanish adults, aged 55–75 years, with overweight/obesity and MetS in four geographical areas. A validated 143-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess energy and nutrient intakes. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was estimated according to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between geographical area (North, Central, East and South areas) and inadequate nutrient intake. People in the North area consumed significantly lower amounts of vegetables and fish but more sugar and alcohol (p < 0.001) than other areas. Dietary fibre, vitamin A, E, calcium and magnesium intakes were all lower among men of North area than in the other areas (p < 0.001). Sex (women), non-smoker and physical activity were also associated to adequate nutrient intake. Geographical area influences nutrient intakes. Its effect on dietary quality should be taken into account when planning food policies. View Full-Text

Keywords: dietary intake; PREDIMED-Plus study; metabolic syndrome; place of residence; geographical area; nutrient adequacy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cano-Ibáñez, N.; Bueno-Cavanillas, A.; Martínez-González, M.A.; Corella, D.; Salas-Salvadó, J.; Zomeño, M.D.; García-de-la-Hera, M.; Romaguera, D.; Martínez, J.A.; Barón-López, F.J.; García-Ríos, A.; Estruch, R.; García-Molina, L.; Alonso Gómez, Á.; Tur, J.A.; Tinahones, F.; Serra-Majem, L.; Cubelos-Fernández, N.; Lapetra, J.; Vázquez, C.; Pintó, X.; Vidal, J.; Daimiel, L.; Gaforio, J.J.; Matía, P.; Ros, E.; Diez-Espino, J.; Fernández-Carrión, R.; Basora, J.; Fitó, M.; Zazo, J.M.; Colom, A.; Toledo, E.; Díaz-López, A.; Muñoz, M.Á.; Ruiz-Canela, M.; Gea, A. Dietary Intake in Population with Metabolic Syndrome: Is the Prevalence of Inadequate Intake Influenced by Geographical Area? Cross-Sectional Analysis from PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111661

AMA Style

Cano-Ibáñez N, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Zomeño MD, García-de-la-Hera M, Romaguera D, Martínez JA, Barón-López FJ, García-Ríos A, Estruch R, García-Molina L, Alonso Gómez Á, Tur JA, Tinahones F, Serra-Majem L, Cubelos-Fernández N, Lapetra J, Vázquez C, Pintó X, Vidal J, Daimiel L, Gaforio JJ, Matía P, Ros E, Diez-Espino J, Fernández-Carrión R, Basora J, Fitó M, Zazo JM, Colom A, Toledo E, Díaz-López A, Muñoz MÁ, Ruiz-Canela M, Gea A. Dietary Intake in Population with Metabolic Syndrome: Is the Prevalence of Inadequate Intake Influenced by Geographical Area? Cross-Sectional Analysis from PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients. 2018; 10(11):1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111661

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Miguel A. Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, M. D. Zomeño, Manoli García-de-la-Hera, Dora Romaguera, J. A. Martínez, F. J. Barón-López, Antonio García-Ríos, Ramón Estruch, Laura García-Molina, Ángel Alonso Gómez, Josep A. Tur, Francisco Tinahones, Lluis Serra-Majem, Naiara Cubelos-Fernández, José Lapetra, Clotilde Vázquez, Xavier Pintó, Josep Vidal, Lidia Daimiel, José J. Gaforio, Pilar Matía, Emilio Ros, Javier Diez-Espino, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Josep Basora, Montse Fitó, Juan M. Zazo, Antoni Colom, Estefanía Toledo, Andrés Díaz-López, Miguel Á. Muñoz, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, and Alfredo Gea. 2018. "Dietary Intake in Population with Metabolic Syndrome: Is the Prevalence of Inadequate Intake Influenced by Geographical Area? Cross-Sectional Analysis from PREDIMED-Plus Study" Nutrients 10, no. 11: 1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111661

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Dietary Intake in Population with Metabolic Syndrome: Is the Prevalence of Inadequate Intake Influenced by Geographical Area? Cross-Sectional Analysis from PREDIMED-Plus Study

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