Correcting InSAR Topographically Correlated Tropospheric Delays Using a Power Law Model Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation for InSAR Data and ERA-I Reanalysis
2.2. Tropospheric Delay in InSAR Data
2.3. Power Law Model Based on ERA-I Reanalysis (PLE)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Estimation of PLE Parameters
3.2. Estimation of Tropospheric Delays
3.3. Statistical Comparison of Tropospheric Correction Methods
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Massonnet, D.; Holzer, T.; Vadon, H. Land subsidence caused by the East Mesa geothermal field, California, observed using SAR interferometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1997, 24, 901–904. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Colesanti, C.; Wasowski, J. Investigating landslides with space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry. Eng. Geol. 2006, 88, 173–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lanari, R.; Lundgren, P.; Sansosti, E. Dynamic deformation of Etna Volcano observed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25, 1541–1544. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- DiCaprio, C.J.; Simons, M. Importance of ocean tidal load corrections for differential InSAR. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bekaert, D.; Hooper, A.; Wright, T. Reassessing the 2006 Guerrero slow slip event, Mexico: Implications for large earthquakes in the Guerrero Gap. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2015, 120, 1357–1375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zebker, H.A.; Rosen, P.A.; Goldstein, R.M.; Gabriel, A.; Werner, C.L. On the derivation of coseismic displacement fields using differential radar interferometry: The Landers earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 1994, 99, 617–634. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gray, A.L.; Mattar, K.E.; Sofko, G. Influence of ionospheric electron density fluctuations on satellite radar interferometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27, 1451–1454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zebker, H.A.; Rosen, P.A.; Hensley, S. Atmospheric effects in interferometric synthetic aperture radar surface deformation and topographic maps. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102, 7547–7563. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hanssen, R. “Radar Interferometry”, in Data Interpretation and Error Analysis; Springer: Delft, The Netherlands, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Li, Z.; Fielding, E.; Cross, P.; Preusker, R. Advanced InSAR atmospheric correction: MERIS/MODIS combination and stacked water vapour models. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2009, 30, 3343–3363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hooper, A.; Bekaert, D.; Spaans, K.; Arıkan, M. Recent advances in SAR interferometry time series analysis for measuring crustal deformation. Tectonophysics 2012, 514, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tang, W.; Liao, M.; Yuan, P. Atmospheric correction in time-series SAR interferometry for land surface deformation mapping—A case study of Taiyuan, China. Adv. Space Res. 2016, 58, 310–325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Webley, P.; Bingley, R.; Dodson, A.; Wadge, G.; Waugh, S.; James, I. Atmospheric water vapour correction to InSAR surface motion measurements on mountains: Results from a dense GPS network on Mount Etna. Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A/B/C 2002, 27, 363–370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Onn, F.; Zebker, H.A. Correction for interferometric synthetic aperture radar atmospheric phase artifacts using time series of zenith wet delay observations from a GPS network. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williams, S.; Bock, Y.; Fang, P. Integrated satellite interferometry: Tropospheric noise, GPS estimates and implications for interferometric synthetic aperture radar products. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103, 27051–27067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Fielding, E.J.; Cross, P.; Muller, J.-P. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar atmospheric correction: Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar integration. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Xu, W.; Feng, G.; Hu, J.; Wang, C.; Ding, X.; Zhu, J. Correcting atmospheric effects on InSAR with MERIS water vapour data and elevation-dependent interpolation model. Geophys. J. Int. 2012, 189, 898–910. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.H.; Muller, J.P.; Cross, P.; Fielding, E.J. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) atmospheric correction: GPS, moderate resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and InSAR integration. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Puysségur, B.; Michel, R.; Avouac, J.-P. Tropospheric phase delay in interferometric synthetic aperture radar estimated from meteorological model and multispectral imagery. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foster, J.; Brooks, B.; Cherubini, T.; Shacat, C.; Businger, S.; Werner, C.L. Mitigating atmospheric noise for InSAR using a high resolution weather model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jolivet, R.; Grandin, R.; Lasserre, C.; Doin, M.P.; Peltzer, G. Systematic InSAR tropospheric phase delay corrections from global meteorological reanalysis data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gong, W.; Meyer, F.; Liu, S. Performance analysis of atmospheric correction in insar data based on the weather research and forecasting model. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI, USA, 25–30 July 2010; p. 5. [Google Scholar]
- Nico, G.; Tome, R.; Catalao, J.; Miranda, P.M. On the use of the WRF model to mitigate tropospheric phase delay effects in SAR interferograms. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2011, 49, 4970–4976. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Mika, A.; Gong, W.; Hanssen, R.; Meyer, F.; Morton, D.; Webley, P.W. The role of weather models in mitigation of tropospheric delay for SAR interferometry. In Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 24–29 July 2011; p. 4. [Google Scholar]
- Walters, R.; Parsons, B.; Wright, T. Constraining crustal velocity fields with InSAR for Eastern Turkey: Limits to the block-like behavior of Eastern Anatolia. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2014, 119, 5215–5234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jolivet, R.; Agram, P.S.; Lin, N.Y.; Simons, M.; Doin, M.P.; Peltzer, G.; Li, Z. Improving InSAR geodesy using Global Atmospheric Models. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2014, 119, 2324–2341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dee, D.P.; Uppala, S.M.; Simmons, A.J.; Berrisford, P.; Poli, P.; Kobayashi, S.; Andrae, U.; Balmaseda, M.A.; Balsamo, G.; Bauer, P.; et al. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 137, 553–597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Michalakes, J.; Dudhia, J.; Gill, D.; Henderson, T.; Klemp, J.; Skamarock, W.; Wang, W. The weather research and forecast model: Software architecture and performance. In Proceedings of the 11th ECMWF workshop on the use of high performance computing in meteorology, Reading, UK, 25–29 October 2004; pp. 156–168. [Google Scholar]
- Delacourt, C.; Briole, P.; Achache, J. Tropospheric corrections of SAR interferograms with strong topography. Application to Etna. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25, 2849–2852. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wicks, C.W.; Dzurisin, D.; Ingebritsen, S.; Thatcher, W.; Lu, Z.; Iverson, J. Magmatic activity beneath the quiescent Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cavalié, O.; Lasserre, C.; Doin, M.P.; Peltzer, G.; Sun, J.; Xu, X.; Shen, Z.K. Measurement of interseismic strain across the Haiyuan fault (Gansu, China), by InSAR. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 275, 246–257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elliott, J.R.; Biggs, J.; Parsons, B.; Wright, T.J. InSAR slip rate determination on the Altyn Tagh Fault, northern Tibet, in the presence of topographically correlated atmospheric delays. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35, L12309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, Y.; Simons, M.; Hetland, E.; Muse, P.; DiCaprio, C. A multiscale approach to estimating topographically correlated propagation delays in radar interferograms. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2010, 11, Q09002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Béjar-Pizarro, M.; Socquet, A.; Armijo, R.; Carrizo, D.; Genrich, J.; Simons, M. Interseismic coupling and Andean structure in the north Chile subduction zone. Nat. Geosci. 2013, 6, 462–467. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bekaert, D.P.S.; Hooper, A.; Wright, T.J. A spatially variable power law tropospheric correction technique for InSAR data. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2015, 120, 1357–1375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bekaert, D.P.S.; Walters, R.J.; Wright, T.J.; Hooper, A.J.; Parker, D.J. Statistical comparison of InSAR tropospheric correction techniques. Remote Sens. Environ. 2015, 170, 40–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bawden, G.W.; Thatcher, W.; Stein, R.S.; Hudnut, K.W.; Peltzer, G. Tectonic contraction across Los Angeles after removal of groundwater pumping effects. Nature 2001, 412, 812–815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- He, P.; Wen, Y.; Xu, C.; Liu, Y.; Fok, H. New evidence for active tectonics at the boundary of the Kashi Depression, China, from time series InSAR observations. Tectonophysics 2015, 653, 140–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosen, P.A.; Hensley, S.; Peltzer, G.; Simons, M. Updated repeat orbit interferometry package released. Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 2004, 85, 47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kampes, B.M.; Hanssen, R.F.; Perski, Z. Radar interferometry with public domain tools. In Proceedings of the FRINGE Workshop, Frascati, Italy, 1–5 December 2003; pp. 1–5. [Google Scholar]
- Farr, T.G.; Rosen, P.A.; Caro, E.; Crippen, R.; Duren, R.; Hensley, S.; Kobrick, M.; Paller, M.; Rodriguez, E.; Roth, L.; et al. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Rev. Geophys. 2007, 45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goldstein, R.M.; Werner, C.L. Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical applications. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25, 4035–4038. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wright, T.; Fielding, E.; Parsons, B. Triggered slip: Observations of the 17 August 1999 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake using radar interferometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28, 1079–1082. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saastamoinen, J. Atmospheric correction for the troposphere and stratosphere in radio ranging satellites. In The Use of Artificial Satellites for Geodesy; American Geophysical Union: Washington, DC, USA, 1972; pp. 247–251. [Google Scholar]
- Smith, E.K.; Weintraub, S. The constants in the equation for atmospheric refractive index at radio frequencies. Proc. IRE 1953, 41, 1035–1037. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, B.; Li, J.; Chu, Z.; Tang, W.; Wang, B.; Li, D. A Robust and Multi-Weighted Approach to Estimating Topographically Correlated Tropospheric Delays in Radar Interferograms. Sensors 2016, 16, 1078. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, Y.; Cheng, M.K.; Shum, C.K.; Tapley, B.D. Robust estimation of systematic errors of satellite laser range. J. Geod. 1999, 73, 345–349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bevis, M.; Businger, S.; Herring, T.A.; Rocken, C.; Anthes, R.A.; Ware, R.H. GPS meteorology: Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor using the global positioning system. J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97, 15787–15801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Doin, M.P.; Lasserre, C.; Peltzer, G.; Cavalié, O.; Doubre, C. Corrections of stratified tropospheric delays in SAR interferometry: Validation with global atmospheric models. J. Appl. Geophys. 2009, 69, 35–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
California | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date (yyyymmdd) | Perpendicular Baseline (m) | Temporal Baseline (Days) | Doppler Central Baseline (Hz) | Average Coherence | ||
20080712/20080816 | −81 | −35 | −4.0 | 0.28 | ||
20080816/20081025 | −13 | −70 | 7.6 | 0.29 | ||
20081025/20081129 | −300 | −35 | −8.2 | 0.28 | ||
20090627/20090905 | 25 | −70 | 3.0 | 0.30 | ||
20100821/20100925 | 343 | −35 | 3.1 | 0.28 | ||
Tianshan | ||||||
20070903/20071112 | −68 | −70 | −4.7 | 0.42 | ||
20090209/20090420 | −57 | −70 | 5.8 | 0.41 | ||
20100405/20100614 | −153 | −70 | 1.0 | 0.24 | ||
20100510/20100614 | 59 | −35 | −4.4 | 0.41 |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhu, B.; Li, J.; Tang, W. Correcting InSAR Topographically Correlated Tropospheric Delays Using a Power Law Model Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080765
Zhu B, Li J, Tang W. Correcting InSAR Topographically Correlated Tropospheric Delays Using a Power Law Model Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(8):765. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080765
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Bangyan, Jiancheng Li, and Wei Tang. 2017. "Correcting InSAR Topographically Correlated Tropospheric Delays Using a Power Law Model Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis" Remote Sensing 9, no. 8: 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080765