Three-Dimensional Body and Centre of Mass Kinematics in Alpine Ski Racing Using Differential GNSS and Inertial Sensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol
2.2. Wearable System
2.2.1. Inertial Sensors
2.2.2. Differential Global Navigation Satellite System
2.3. Centre of Mass Kinematics
2.3.1. Full 3D Body Model
2.3.2. Simplified Model
2.4. Reference System
2.5. Error Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Accuracy (Median (Median (E))) | Precision (Median (iqr (E))) |
---|---|---|
Speed | ||
GNSS antenna speed error, m/s | −0.03 | 0.15 |
GNSS antenna—CoM speed difference, m/s | −0.15 | 0.20 |
, m/s | 0.04 | 0.14 |
, m/s | −0.01 | 0.14 |
Position | ||
GNSS antenna position error, m | 0.04 | 0.03 |
GNSS antenna—CoM position difference, m | 0.62 | 0.05 |
, m | 0.08 | 0.06 |
, m | 0.12 | 0.06 |
Neck position error, m | 0.06 | 0.03 |
Left hip position error, m | 0.10 | 0.07 |
Right hip position error, m | 0.10 | 0.07 |
Left knee position error, m | 0.16 | 0.06 |
Right knee position error, m | 0.14 | 0.08 |
Left ankle position error, m | 0.17 | 0.07 |
Right ankle position error, m | 0.15 | 0.09 |
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Fasel, B.; Spörri, J.; Gilgien, M.; Boffi, G.; Chardonnens, J.; Müller, E.; Aminian, K. Three-Dimensional Body and Centre of Mass Kinematics in Alpine Ski Racing Using Differential GNSS and Inertial Sensors. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080671
Fasel B, Spörri J, Gilgien M, Boffi G, Chardonnens J, Müller E, Aminian K. Three-Dimensional Body and Centre of Mass Kinematics in Alpine Ski Racing Using Differential GNSS and Inertial Sensors. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(8):671. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080671
Chicago/Turabian StyleFasel, Benedikt, Jörg Spörri, Matthias Gilgien, Geo Boffi, Julien Chardonnens, Erich Müller, and Kamiar Aminian. 2016. "Three-Dimensional Body and Centre of Mass Kinematics in Alpine Ski Racing Using Differential GNSS and Inertial Sensors" Remote Sensing 8, no. 8: 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080671