Towards Detecting Swath Events in TerraSAR-X Time Series to Establish NATURA 2000 Grassland Habitat Swath Management as Monitoring Parameter
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Research Area, NATURA 2000 Sites and Management Rules
2.2. SAR Data and Pre-Processing
- σ0[dB] = calibrated pixel value in decibel
- CalFact = calibration and processor scaling factor
- DN = pixel intensity value
- θloc = local incident angle (radar beam and the normal to reflecting surface).
2.3. Ground Truth Data
2.4. Swath Detection Rule
2.5. Evaluation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Temporal Backscatter Profiles
3.2. Swath Detection
Date of acquisition [d.m.y] | σ° (M 6410) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction of swath rule (A1 and A2) | Swath event (ground truth) | Date of acquisition [d.m.y] | σ° (M 6510) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction of swath rule (A1 and A2) | Swath event (ground truth) | ||||
02.06.10 | −26.29 | −4.8 | 02.06.10 | −24.49 | −4.6 | ||||||||||
13.06.10 | −27.62 | −4.8 | −5.6 | 13.06.10 | −25.66 | −4.6 | 16.7 | ||||||||
24.06.10 | −29.28 | −5.6 | −5.6 | 24.06.10 | −21.99 | 16.7 | − 12.0 | x | x | ||||||
05.07.10 | −31.00 | −5.6 | 1.6 | 05.07.10 | −25.00 | −12.0 | −1.4 | ||||||||
16.07.10 | −30.52 | 1.6 | −3.7 | 16.07.10 | −25.35 | −1.4 | 6.9 | ||||||||
27.07.10 | −31.70 | −3.7 | −2.1 | 27.07.10 | −23.72 | 6.9 | 2.3 | ||||||||
07.08.10 | −32.38 | −2.1 | 7.4 | 07.08.10 | −23.18 | 2.3 | −0.9 | ||||||||
18.08.10 | −30.14 | 7.4 | 16.6 | 18.08.10 | −23.38 | −0.9 | −1.8 | ||||||||
29.08.10 | −25.85 | 16.6 | − 6.5 | x | x | 29.08.10 | −23.80 | −1.8 | 9.3 | ||||||
09.09.10 | −27.64 | −6.5 | −7.1 | 09.09.10 | −21.78 | 9.3 | − 10.9 | x | x | ||||||
20.09.10 | −29.76 | −7.1 | 20.09.10 | −24.45 | −10.9 | ||||||||||
Mean of absolute D | 5.71 | Mean of absolute D | 6.74 | ||||||||||||
Date of acquis. [d.m.y] | σ° (P 1) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction (A1 and A2) | Swath (GT) | σ° (P 2) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction (A1 and A2) | Swath (GT) | σ° (P 3) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction (A1 and A2) | Swath (GT) |
02.06.10 | −24.08 | −2.0 | −26.20 | 0.9 | −25.82 | −1.8 | |||||||||
13.06.10 | −24.57 | −2.0 | 2.0 | −25.96 | 0.9 | 0.6 | −26.29 | −1.8 | 0.5 | ||||||
24.06.10 | −24.09 | 2.0 | 0.2 | −25.82 | 0.6 | −0.1 | −26.15 | 0.5 | 1.2 | ||||||
05.07.10 | −24.06 | 0.2 | −3.6 | −25.84 | −0.1 | −1.2 | −25.84 | 1.2 | −3.4 | ||||||
16.07.10 | −24.95 | −3.6 | −0.6 | −26.15 | −1.2 | −1.4 | −26.76 | −3.4 | −0.1 | ||||||
27.07.10 | −25.11 | −0.6 | −2.2 | −26.52 | −1.4 | −3.9 | −26.78 | −0.1 | −1.8 | ||||||
07.08.10 | −25.67 | −2.2 | 1.2 | −27.59 | −3.9 | 4.6 | −27.27 | −1.8 | 5.0 | ||||||
18.08.10 | −25.35 | 1.2 | 0.9 | −26.37 | 4.6 | −1.6 | −25.97 | 5.0 | −4.4 | ||||||
29.08.10 | −25.13 | 0.9 | 0.3 | −26.81 | −1.6 | 1.6 | −27.16 | −4.4 | 3.6 | ||||||
09.09.10 | −25.05 | 0.3 | 0.2 | −26.40 | 1.6 | −0.5 | −26.23 | 3.6 | −1.0 | ||||||
20.09.10 | −25.00 | 0.2 | −26.54 | −0.5 | −26.51 | −1.0 | |||||||||
Mean of abs. D | 1.39 | 1.62 | 2.26 | ||||||||||||
Date of acquis. [d.m.y] | σ° (P 4) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction (A1 and A2) | Swath (GT) | σ° (P 5) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction (A1 and A2) | Swath (GT) | σ° (P 6) [dB] | D1 [%] | D2 [%] | Satisfaction (A1 and A2) | Swath (GT) |
02.06.10 | −24.32 | −8.0 | −27.36 | −3.9 | −23.80 | −4.3 | |||||||||
13.06.10 | −26.44 | −8.0 | 0.3 | −28.47 | −3.9 | −0.9 | −24.86 | −4.3 | 4.7 | ||||||
24.06.10 | −26.35 | 0.3 | 2.7 | −28.73 | −0.9 | 3.4 | −23.74 | 4.7 | 1.5 | ||||||
05.07.10 | −25.66 | 2.7 | −3.1 | −27.77 | 3.4 | 1.7 | −23.39 | 1.5 | −6.1 | ||||||
16.07.10 | −26.47 | −3.1 | 2.5 | −27.32 | 1.7 | −2.7 | −24.90 | −6.1 | 0.0 | ||||||
27.07.10 | −25.82 | 2.5 | −2.3 | −28.07 | −2.7 | −2.7 | −24.90 | 0.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
07.08.10 | −26.41 | −2.3 | 3.1 | −28.85 | −2.7 | 4.7 | −24.19 | 3.0 | −2.2 | ||||||
18.08.10 | −25.62 | 3.1 | −2.7 | −27.54 | 4.7 | −0.8 | −24.73 | −2.2 | −0.4 | ||||||
29.08.10 | −26.33 | −2.7 | 0.6 | −27.76 | −0.8 | 1.8 | −24.84 | −0.4 | 1.4 | ||||||
09.09.10 | −26.18 | 0.6 | −0.1 | −27.27 | 1.8 | −1.9 | −24.49 | 1.4 | 2.5 | ||||||
20.09.10 | −26.21 | −0.1 | −27.80 | −1.9 | −23.89 | 2.5 | |||||||||
Mean of abs. D | 2.65 | 2.42 | 2.61 |
Test site | Potential swath event period | (Period) Match | |
---|---|---|---|
TerraSAR-X detected | Ground truth | ||
Meadow 6410 | 18.08–28.08.2010 | 26.08–01.09.2010 | 26.08–28.08.2010 |
Meadow 6510 | 13.06–23.06.2010 | 17.06–18.06.2010 | 17.06–18.06.2010 |
29.08–08.09.2010 | 02.09–03.09.2010 | 02.09–03.09.2010 | |
Pasture 1 | no swath | no swath | yes |
Pasture 2 | no swath | no swath | yes |
Pasture 3 | no swath | no swath | yes |
Pasture 4 | no swath | no swath | yes |
Pasture 5 | no swath | no swath | yes |
Pasture 6 | no swath | no swath | yes |
3.3. Correspondence to NATURA 2000 Management Rules
NATURA 2000 site | Swath event period | Match | |
---|---|---|---|
Management rule | TSX-detected | ||
6410 | Yearly single swath event in late summer | 18.08–28.08.2010 | yes |
6510 | Two swaths per year, first one not before main flowering period in mid June | 13.06–23.06.2010 | yes |
29.08–08.09.2010 | yes |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Schuster, C.; Ali, I.; Lohmann, P.; Frick, A.; Förster, M.; Kleinschmit, B. Towards Detecting Swath Events in TerraSAR-X Time Series to Establish NATURA 2000 Grassland Habitat Swath Management as Monitoring Parameter. Remote Sens. 2011, 3, 1308-1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071308
Schuster C, Ali I, Lohmann P, Frick A, Förster M, Kleinschmit B. Towards Detecting Swath Events in TerraSAR-X Time Series to Establish NATURA 2000 Grassland Habitat Swath Management as Monitoring Parameter. Remote Sensing. 2011; 3(7):1308-1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071308
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchuster, Christian, Iftikhar Ali, Peter Lohmann, Annett Frick, Michael Förster, and Birgit Kleinschmit. 2011. "Towards Detecting Swath Events in TerraSAR-X Time Series to Establish NATURA 2000 Grassland Habitat Swath Management as Monitoring Parameter" Remote Sensing 3, no. 7: 1308-1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071308