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Article

Impact of Speed and Differential Correction Base Type on Mobile Mapping System Accuracy

by
Luis Iglesias
1,
Serafín López-Cuervo
2,
Roberto Rodríguez-Solano
3 and
Maria Castro
4,*
1
Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica y Minera, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
2
Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodésica y Fotogrametría, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain
3
Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión Forestal y Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
4
Departamento de Ingeniería del Transporte, Territorio y Urbanismo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(24), 4064; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244064
Submission received: 5 November 2025 / Revised: 11 December 2025 / Accepted: 13 December 2025 / Published: 18 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in LiDAR Technology and Applications in Remote Sensing)

Abstract

Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) have emerged as indispensable instruments for producing high-precision road maps in recent years. Despite incorporating modern devices, their efficacy may be influenced by operational variables such as vehicle speed or the type of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) differential correction employed. This study assesses the impact of varying vehicle speeds and differential correction settings on the accuracy of point grids acquired with an MMS on a two-lane rural road. The experiment was performed across a 7 km distance, incorporating two speeds (40 and 60 km/h) and two travel directions. Three correction methodologies were examined: a proximate local base (MBS), a network station solution of the National Geographic Institute (NET), and virtual reference stations (VRSs). The methodology encompassed normality analysis, descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, one- and two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the computation of the root mean square error (RMSE) as a measure of accuracy. The findings indicate that horizontal discrepancies remain steady and unaffected by the correction technique; however, notable changes are seen in the vertical component, with the NET option proving to be the most effective. The acquisition rate is the primary determinant, exacerbating errors at 60 km/h. In conclusion, the dependability of MMS surveys is contingent upon the correction approach and operational conditions, and it is advisable to sustain moderate speeds to guarantee precise three-dimensional models.
Keywords: Mobile Mapping System (MMS); road surveying; road mapping; geospatial accuracy Mobile Mapping System (MMS); road surveying; road mapping; geospatial accuracy

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Iglesias, L.; López-Cuervo, S.; Rodríguez-Solano, R.; Castro, M. Impact of Speed and Differential Correction Base Type on Mobile Mapping System Accuracy. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 4064. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244064

AMA Style

Iglesias L, López-Cuervo S, Rodríguez-Solano R, Castro M. Impact of Speed and Differential Correction Base Type on Mobile Mapping System Accuracy. Remote Sensing. 2025; 17(24):4064. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244064

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iglesias, Luis, Serafín López-Cuervo, Roberto Rodríguez-Solano, and Maria Castro. 2025. "Impact of Speed and Differential Correction Base Type on Mobile Mapping System Accuracy" Remote Sensing 17, no. 24: 4064. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244064

APA Style

Iglesias, L., López-Cuervo, S., Rodríguez-Solano, R., & Castro, M. (2025). Impact of Speed and Differential Correction Base Type on Mobile Mapping System Accuracy. Remote Sensing, 17(24), 4064. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244064

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