Estimating the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones from Spiral Signatures Acquired by Spaceborne SAR
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Attenuation due to heavy rain;
- Backscattering from raindrops in the air and ice particles;
- Sea-surface capillary waves induced by rain;
- Damping of sea surface waves by rain-induced turbulence;
- Wind gusts.
2. Data Acquisition and Processing
2.1. Composition of the Dataset
2.2. The Essence of the HLS Assessment
2.2.1. Dependence of the Maximum Wind Speed on HLS Parameters
2.2.2. Logarithmic Component of the HLS and the Crossing Angle
2.3. Data Processing (HLS Approximation)
2.4. Estimation of the Radius of Maximum Wind Speed
3. Results
3.1. Results of the HLS Approximation
3.2. Logarithmic Approximation of the Edges of Spiral Signatures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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# | TC Name | TC Index (YYYYMMDD hhmmss) | Cat. | SAR Scene Center | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lat (°N) | Long (°E/−°W) | ||||
Western Pacific | |||||
1 | MEARI | 20040928092545 | I | 29.69 | 128.55 |
2 | XANGSANE | 20060930223832 | II | 16.00 | 108.99 |
3 | KIROGI | 20051015210400 | III | 24.77 | 132.17 |
4 | MAWAR | 20050822203846 | III | 24.81 | 138.48 |
5 | EWINIAR | 20060703205345 | III | 14.80 | 133.50 |
6 | YAGI | 20060921201753 | V | 23.70 | 143.60 |
Eastern Pacific | |||||
7 | FLOSSIE | 20010830133745 | I | 21.64 | −116.16 |
8 | ALMA | 20020530014925 | II | 14.71 | –114.93 |
9 | JAVIER | 20040917012033 | III | 21.04 | –108.91 |
10 | JOVA | 20050919152220 | III | 15.47 | –143.68 |
11 | KENNETH | 20050925032031 | I | 16.69 | –138.41 |
Atlantic | |||||
12 | FRANKLIN | 20050728221603 | TS | 38.20 | –65.43 |
13 | KATRINA | 20050828234840 | V | 26.89 | –87.18 |
14 | DEAN | 20070819231634 | IV | 14.18 | –61.04 |
TC Name | HLS Vm Estimates, m s−1 | Best Tack Vm Estimates, m s−1 | Difference between HLS and BT Estimates of Vm, m s−1 | Optimal Rm, km | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean <Vm> | Stdev (Vm) | Vm | ΔVm | ||||
+ | − | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Alma | 50.3 | 20.4 | 46.3 | 6.2 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 30 |
Dean | 61.9 | 20.0 | 64.3 | 5.1 | 15.4 | −2.4 | 40 |
Ewiniar | 50.2 | 19.8 | 51.4 | 7.7 | 7.7 | −1.2 | 40 |
Flossie | 40.6 | 19.6 | 36.0 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 40 |
Franklin | 27.7 | 13.5 | 25.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2 | 30 |
Javier | 45.9 | 20.3 | 51.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −5.5 | 30 |
Jova | 49.8 | 20.6 | 51.4 | 0.0 | 5.1 | −1.6 | 35 |
Katrina | 74.9 | 27.5 | 72.0 | 7.7 | 14.4 | 2.9 | 30 |
Kenneth | 30.6 | 11.9 | 33.4 | 6.2 | 10.3 | −2.8 | 15 |
Kirogi | 62.8 | 19.8 | 51.4 | 8.7 | 3.6 | 11.4 * | 30 |
Mawar | 50.9 | 20.1 | 51.4 | 7.7 | 7.7 | −0.5 | 45 |
Meary | 42.5 | 20.1 | 39.6 | 6.7 | 11.3 | 2.9 | 50 |
Xangsane | 57.7 | 18.6 | 46.3 | 12.9 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 30 |
Yagi | 73.3 | 19.1 | 72.0 | 0.0 | 15.4 | 1.3 | 80 |
# | TC | HLS Parameters | ym | VC, m s−1 | HLS Equation (11) | Logarithmic Approximation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<Vm>, m s−1 | <n> | <B> | ||||||||
GHLS | GLS | σ | α° | |||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
1 | Alma | 50.3 | 0.59 | 0.66 | 0.169 | 6.52 | 2.46 | 2.79 | 0.04 | 19.7 |
0.143 | 7.7 | 2.04 | 3.07 | 0.09 | 18.0 | |||||
2 | Dean | 61.9 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.162 | 10.73 | 1.64 | 1.99 | 0.04 | 26.7 |
0.149 | 11.71 | 1.50 | 2.82 | 0.03 | 19.5 | |||||
3 | Ewiniar | 50.2 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.216 | 6.99 | 2.28 | 2.62 | 0.09 | 20.9 |
0.191 | 7.91 | 1.98 | 3.2 | 0.07 | 17.4 | |||||
4 | Flossie | 40.6 | 0.59 | 1.73 | 0.212 | 10.45 | 4.41 | 4.32 | 0.09 | 13.0 |
0.179 | 12.34 | 3.78 | 4.68 | 0.07 | 12.1 | |||||
5 | Franklin | 27.7 | 0.59 | 1.3 | 0.163 | 16.41 | 2.05 | 2.15 | 0.04 | 24.9 |
0.144 | 18.55 | 1.92 | 2.69 | 0.07 | 20.4 | |||||
6 | Javier | 45.9 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.141 | 10.9 | 1.30 | 1.46 | 0.06 | 34.4 |
0.132 | 11.68 | 1.22 | 1.73 | 0.07 | 30.0 | |||||
7 | Jova | 49.8 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.197 | 6.82 | 2.19 | 2.52 | 0.02 | 22.4 |
0.177 | 7.60 | 1.94 | 3.35 | 0.06 | 17.7 | |||||
8 | Katrina | 74.9 | 0.64 | 0.95 | 0.169 | 10.2 | 3.17 | 2.52 | 0.02 | 21.6 |
0.148 | 11.66 | 2.73 | 3.35 | 0.06 | 16.6 | |||||
9 | Kenneth | 30.6 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.378 | 1.63 | 5.20 | 5.14 | 0.23 | 11.0 |
0.278 | 2.22 | 3.36 | 6.68 | 0.45 | 8.5 | |||||
10 | Kirogi | 62.8 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.124 | 14.48 | 1.25 | 1.36 | 0.04 | 36.3 |
0.111 | 16.10 | 1.14 | 1.72 | 0.01 | 30.2 | |||||
11 | Mawar | 50.9 | 0.57 | 0.7 | 0.244 | 11.47 | 2.09 | 2.6 | 0.04 | 21.0 |
0.188 | 14.75 | 1.63 | 3.06 | 0.03 | 18.1 | |||||
12 | Meari | 42.5 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.246 | 14.60 | 1.77 | 1.79 | 0.05 | 29.2 |
0.215 | 16.71 | 1.58 | 2.47 | 0.07 | 22.0 | |||||
13 | Xangsane | 47.7 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.285 | 4.23 | 3.72 | 3.26 | 0.06 | 17.1 |
0.287 | 4.69 | 3.25 | 4.7 | 0.05 | 12.0 | |||||
14 | Yagi | 73.3 | 0.57 | 0.79 | 0.290 | 15.68 | 2.62 | 2.75 | 0.04 | 20.0 |
0.266 | 17.09 | 2.39 | 4.07 | 0.08 | 13.8 |
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Yurchak, B.S. Estimating the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones from Spiral Signatures Acquired by Spaceborne SAR. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 1750. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101750
Yurchak BS. Estimating the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones from Spiral Signatures Acquired by Spaceborne SAR. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(10):1750. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101750
Chicago/Turabian StyleYurchak, Boris S. 2024. "Estimating the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones from Spiral Signatures Acquired by Spaceborne SAR" Remote Sensing 16, no. 10: 1750. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101750